限氧EGSB反应器内颗粒污泥性能研究

研究限氧EGSB反应器内颗粒污泥的沉淀性能、产甲烷活性、形态、抗温度和负荷冲击等特性,以分析限氧EGSB反应器长期高效稳定运行的可行性.结果表明,限氧运行使得颗粒污泥的沉速降低,但仍能保持20.07～51.86 m/h的高沉速,保证了限氧EGSB反应器内约42 g/L的高污泥浓度;加入适量氧并没有对甲烷菌产生毒害作用,反而有所提高,提高幅度为11.94%.限氧EGSB反应器内颗粒污泥表面和内部微生物没有出现明显的分区分布,中高进水浓度时没有出现甲烷八叠球菌的明显优势;限氧EGSB反应器内颗粒污泥在经历温度和COD负荷双重冲击后,COD去除率明显降低,出水VFA明显增高,产气量明显降低,甚至出现不产气的情况.COD去除率的恢复很快,仅需20 d;出水VFA和产气也逐渐恢复,但有所滞后;微生物的恢复要慢些,扫描电镜结果表明,有些颗粒污泥表面的微生物细胞仍存在收缩现象.     

接种不同污泥启动厌氧氨氧化ASBR反应器研究

采用ASBR反应器,分别以好氧硝化污泥和厌氧颗粒污泥为种泥,通过对氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮等指标的监测和数据分析、污泥颜色的观察,研究2个厌氧氨氧化反应器启动的可行性及其差异.结果表明,2个厌氧氨氧化反应器均可成功启动;采用好氧硝化污泥启动厌氧氨氧化反应器耗时142 d,启动前后污泥颜色变化不大,亚硝酸盐氮浓度超过20 mmol/L会对厌氧氨氧化产生明显的抑制作用;采用厌氧颗粒污泥启动厌氧氨氧化反应器耗时249 d,启动前后污泥颜色变化很大,从黑色逐渐变为砖红色,亚硝酸盐氮浓度超过13.4 mmol/L会对厌氧氨氧化产生抑制作用;分别用以上2种污泥启动的厌氧氨氧化ASBR反应器中占优势地位的厌氧氨氧化菌不同.     

ABR处理硫酸盐有机废水的相分离特性研究

为了考察厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)处理含硫酸盐有机废水的相分离特性,采用有效容积为32L的五隔室ABR,通过为期132d的启动试验,研究了启动运行过程中各隔室COD和SO24-降解情况、VFA和S2-分布规律及颗粒污泥微生物相变化状况.结果表明,采用低负荷低增幅方式启动,在132d内成功启动ABR并达到稳定,COD和SO24-的负荷分别由1.5kg·(m3·d)-1逐渐提高到3.3kg·(m3·d-1)和由0.07kg·(m3·d-1)逐渐提高到0.18kg·(m3·d-1),COD和SO24-的去除率分别为95%和85%左右.各隔室COD沿程呈递减趋势,其去除主要由第1、4、5隔室完成,SO42-的去除主要由前面三隔室承担,前面三隔室的VFA和S2-浓度较高,到最后两隔室则急剧降低;随负荷的增加,承担COD及SO42-主要去除作用的隔室后移,前面三隔室的VFA和S2-最高点及最后两隔室的VFA和S2-的急剧降低位置也后移;各隔室的微生物经长期运行驯化后表现出良好的种群配合和高度的特异性,具有明显的产酸相与产甲烷相、硫酸盐还原相与硫单质生成相的分离特征.     

Pd/C气体扩散电极用于电生成H2O2降解苯酚的研究

采用自制的Pd/C气体扩散阴极和Ti/IrO2/RuO2阳极,在无隔膜电解槽中对苯酚模拟废水降解效果及机制进行了研究,采用电子自旋共振法(ESR)对电解体系中产生的羟自由基(·OH)进行了检测.结果表明,在Pd/C气体扩散体系中掺杂Pd催化剂可以促进H2 O2的生成(H2 O2的稳定浓度是7.5 mg/L),有利于·OH的产生.经电化学氧化处理120 min后,苯酚和COD的去除率分别达到97.2%和50%,表明在电催化氧化过程中苯酚被氧化生成了大量低分子量中间产物.废水的BOD5/COD值达到0.73是处理前的9.1倍,苯酚废水的可生化降解性通过电化学氧化处理后显著提高.在该电化学体系中苯酚的降解是在阳极直接、间接氧化及阴极产生的H2 O2、·OH的氧化共同作用下完成的.通过对紫外扫描光谱图的分析推断出苯酚在电解过程中有醌类物质生成;由GC-MS检测到了邻苯二酚、对苯二酚、苯醌等芳香族化合物和己二酸、顺丁烯二酸、反丁烯二酸、丁二酸、丙二酸、乙二酸等短链羧酸,据此提出了苯酚降解的可能历程.     

电渗析法再生CO_2电还原电解液的研究

探索了电渗析法再生CO2电还原电解液的可行性。以HCOOK溶液作为CO2电还原反应后的模拟液,采用单室电渗析装置对其进行再生,考察了电流、时间、温度等操作条件对电流效率和再生率的影响,研究结果表明:在常温条件下,操作电流低于极限电流时,采用电渗析法再生CO2电还原电解液具有高的电流效率和再生率。     

内循环(IC)反应器运行规律研究

研究采用自制内循环(IC)反应器,以实验室模拟废水为进水,接种城市污水处理厂的剩余污泥,对反应器的启动及运行过程进行研究,在经过污泥驯化、颗粒培养、调整及稳定的不同阶段连续运行.结果表明:启动初期反应器pH过低,产甲烷菌生长受抑制,导致VFA累积,容易酸化.通过改变模拟废水中微量元素的浓度及添加缓冲溶液,酸化的反应器可...     

高温下好氧污泥接种启动UASB的试验研究

采用高温UASB处理柠檬酸废水,研究利用好氧脱水污泥接种启动高温UASB的可行性。试验结果表明,在温度55℃,HRT为6天的条件下,UASB反应器能降解的柠檬酸废水浓度为10000mg/L,容积负荷为1.67gCOD/(L.d),柠檬酸废水的去除率达到90%以上。     

Enhanced struvite recovery from wastewater using a novel cone-inserted fluidized bed reactor

The feasibility of struvite recovery at low （12.5 mg/L） and high （120 mg[L） phosphorus concentrations was studied by constructing a novel fluidized bed reactor with cones （FBRwc） and without cones （FBRwoc）. The crystallization process was continuously operated for 133 days under different hydraulic retention times （HRT = 1-10 hr）, pH （7.5-10）, and molar ratios of Mg/P （0.75-1.75）, N/P （1-10） and Ca/Mg （0-2）. The optimum operating conditions of HRT, pH, Mg/P and N/P molar ratios were found to be 2 hr, 9, 1.25, and 7.5, respectively. Under these optimum conditions, the phosphorus precipitation efficiencies of FBRwc were 93% for low and 98% for high phosphorus influent; however, the efficiencies were 78% and 81% for FBRwoc, respectively. Due to crystal losses at each junction （17%-31%）, the crystal recovery efficiency of FBRwoc was relatively low （47%-65%） for both influent concentrations. However, the losses were minimal in FBRwc, which showed 75% and 92% crystal recovery for low and high phosphorus concentrations, respectively. At low calcium concentration, crystal chemical analysis showed the product to be pure struvite （〉 99%）. The scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction results further confirmed that the crystal recovered from FBRwc contained pure struvite, which could be considered a high quality fertilizer. Except HRT, all parameters （pH, Mg/P, N/P and Ca/Mg） were found to be influencing factors for FBRwc performance. Overall, inserting cones in each part of the reactor played a significant role in enhancing struvite recovery from a wide range of phosphorus-containing wastewater.     

Aerobic granules cultivated and operated in continuous-flow bioreactor under particle-size selective pressure

A novel method based on the selective pressure of particle size （particle-size cultivation method, PSCM） was developed for the cultivation and operation of aerobic granular sludge in a continuous-flow reactor, and compared with the conventional method based on the selective pressure of settling velocity （settling-velocity cultivation method, SVCM）. Results indicated that aerobic granules could be cultivated in continuous operation mode by this developed method within 14 days. Although in the granulation process, under particle-size selective pressure, mixed liquor suspended solids （MLSS） in the reactor fluctuated greatly and filamentous bacteria dominated the sludge system during the initial operation days, no obvious difference in profile was found between the aerobic granules cultivated by PSCM and SVCM. Moreover, aerobic granules cultivated by PSCM presented larger diameter, lower water content and higher specific rates of nitrification, denitrifieation and phosphorus removal, but lower settling velocity. Under long term operation of more than 30 days, aerobic granules in the continuous-flow reactor could remain stable and obtain good chemical oxygen demand （COD）, NH4^＋-N, total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） removal. The results indicate that PSCM was dependent on the cultivation and maintenance of the stability of aerobic granules in continuous-flow bioreactors.     

锂电池正极材料Li2FeS2的充放电机理与热稳定性

随着移动电子设备的飞速发展,锂电池作为新型的能源载体也取得了巨大的进步。与嵌入式氧化物正极材料相比,Li2FeS2不仅具有理想的循环性能,而且其理论容量达到400mAh／g,约为嵌入式氧化物正极材料的2倍。因此,本文从晶体结构、电化学性能、充放电机制、充放电过程中的离子电导率变化以及热稳定性等方面对Li2FeS2正极材料进行了详细的阐述。