化学滴液电极对废水中Pb~(2+)测定的初步研究

利用自制的滴液电极,运用循环伏安和方波伏安法,对Pb~(2+)在水/甲基异丁基酮(MIBK)界面上通过双硫腙(HDz)促迁移的反应机制进行了研究.结果表明,该迁移过程为不可逆过程,Pb~(2+)的迁移峰电位为0.122 V,且当Pb~(2+)摩尔浓度为5.0×10~(-7)～4.0×10~(-5)mol/L时,峰电流和Pb~(2+)浓度呈线性相关关系;水相中常见的Na~+等金属离子浓度比Pb~(2+)浓度大百倍时,或水相中常见的Mg~(2+)、Ni~(2+)浓度与Pb~(2+)浓度相同时,对峰电流测定结果产生的干扰都较小(相对误差小于10.0%),但当水相中有Zn~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Fe~(3+)存在时,即使其浓度都与Pb~(2+)浓度相同,也会对峰电流测定结果产生明显干扰(相对误差分别为-12.2%、-28.7%、-60.3%);以方波伏安法取代循环伏安法进行峰电流测定,以新型绿色溶剂室温离子液体(RTILs)取代四苯硼四丁基铵作为有机相电解质,能极大提高Pb~(2+)浓度测定的灵敏度.     

低压直流电电解剩余活性污泥

采用低压直流电电解剩余活性污泥,优化了支持电解质的种类、加入量及电压梯度等工艺条件,并考察了在最佳工艺条件下SS去除率、污泥中有机物的质量分数（以VSS/SS计）、污泥pH及污泥沉降性能随电解时间的变化情况。实验结果表明,低压直流电电解污泥的最佳工艺条件为：电压梯度7 V/cm;支持电解质Na₂SO₄加入量0.4.0 mmol/g（以每克干污泥计）。在最佳工艺条件下电解pH为5.8、SS=（7 850 ±200）mg/L、VSS=（6 150±150）mg/L、溶解性化学需氧量（SCOD）为（61.2 ±20）mg/L的污泥,电解60 min时污泥的SCOD最大,达393.3 mg/L,SS去除率达14.4%,VSS/SS为58.5%,污泥pH为3.1。电解后污泥中微生物的细胞结构已不完整,污泥絮体被严重破坏。电解时间越长,污泥的沉降速率越快。     

典型水环境因素对聚酯微塑料沉降的影响机制研究

以聚酯（聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,简称PET）微塑料为主要对象,研究电解质浓度,电解质类型及pH值等典型水环境因素对其沉降行为的影响机制.结果表明：水环境中PET微塑料的沉降随电解质浓度的升高而不断增强,其悬液标准化浓度（C/C₀）最低可降至0.64;同一类型电解质对水环境中PET微塑料沉降行为的影响程度相似,而与1-1型电解质（NaCl及KCl）相比,水环境中1-2型电解质（CaCl₂及MgCl₂）的存在能够显著促进PET微塑料的沉降;水环境中PET微塑料的沉降随pH值的增加而降低,随着pH值由10降至4,PET微塑料悬液的C/C₀由最高0.98下降至最高0.76.一阶动力学沉降模型能够较好的拟合水环境中PET微塑料的沉降行为.此外,DLVO （Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek）理论能够反映出PET微塑料沉降行为的变化趋势,其计算结果与实验结果吻合度较高.本研究结果有助于提高对微塑料环境行为的认识程度,同时能够为评估微塑料环境风险提供理论依据.     

Fluid Mechanics of Serpentine Flow Fields on a Porous Media

Laminar flows are investigated in single and double parallel serpentine channels mounted on a porous media and it is found that significant convective transport occurs in porous media for practical fuel cell conditions. This transport increases with increasing flow Reynolds number, with decreasing land width, and most significantly with increasing channel length.

Increasing the number of parallel channels significantly decreases the pressure drop across the fuel cell, but also significantly decreases the magnitude of convective transport in the porous media. Increased parasitic loads must be put in the context of the change in electrochemical performance.

This paper presents both data and a methodology for beginning to think about flow field design from a hydrodynamic perspective.     

The contribution of mediated oxidation mechanisms in the electrolytic degradation of cyanuric acid using diamond anodes

In this work, the contribution of mediated oxidation mechanisms in the electrolytic degradation of cyanuric acid using boron-doped diamond(BDD) anodes was investigated in different electrolytes. A complete mineralization of cyanuric acid was obtained in Na Cl;however lower degrees of mineralization of 70% and 40% were obtained in Na2SO4 and Na Cl O4, respectively. This can be explained by the nature of the oxidants electrogenerated in each electrolyte. It is clear that the contribution of active chlorine(Cl2, HCl O, Cl O-)electrogenerated from oxidation of chlorides on BDD is much more important in the electrolytic degradation of cyanuric acid than the persulfate and hydroxyl radicals produced by electro-oxidation of sulfate and water on BDD anodes. This could be explained by the high affinity of active chlorine towards nitrogen compounds. No organic intermediates were detected during the electrolytic degradation of cyanuric acid in any the electrolytes, which can be explained by their immediate depletion by hydroxyl radicals produced on the BDD surface. Nitrates and ammonium were the final products of electrolytic degradation of cyanuric acid on BDD anodes in all electrolytes. In addition, small amounts of chloramines were formed in the chloride medium. Low current density(≤ 10 m A/cm2) and neutral medium(p H in the range 6–9) should be used for high efficiency electrolytic degradation and negligible formation of hazardous chlorate and perchlorate.     

绝热加速量热仪研究锂离子电池电解液热安全性

利用绝热加速量热仪对商业锂离子电池中常用的3种电解液进行了热分析实验,并根据测试结果评价了其热安全性.3种电解液的初始反应温度均在180～200℃之间;运用绝热理论模型,得到3种电解液热分解反应的活化能Ea分别为(246.202±2.866)kJ·mol、(277.94±7.49)kJ·mol-1和(778.81±34.86)kJ·mol-1;每克样品反应终止时压力分别达到2173.84kPa、2 074.80kPa和2408.65 kPa,压力升高值△P分别为:819.42 kPa、1 619.37 kPa和808.54 kPa.     

锂离子电池用新型复合聚合物电解质膜的性能研究

聚合物电解质膜是影响锂离子电池性能的重要因素,通过对聚合物的改性,能够改善聚合物电解质膜综合性能.本文以偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物[P(VDF-HFP)]为基,以N甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)作溶剂,γ-丁内酯(γ-BL)作添加剂,用倒相湿法制备出复合聚合物电解质膜,并对其离子传递、膜结构和电化学性能进行了研究.用限制扩散方法测定了该电解质膜的锂离子扩散系数为5.68×10-10 cm2·s-1;用稳态极化法测定了该电解质膜的迁移数为0.61;用交流阻抗法测得该电解质膜的室温最高电导率可达1.73×10-3S·cm-1.测试结果表明,该聚合物电解质膜具有较好的离子传输性质和电化学性能.     

Q235钢在模拟自然环境下失效行为的电化学研究

采用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和阴极极化曲线研究了Q235钢在薄液膜条件下的大气腐蚀过程,探讨了液膜厚度、Cl-和腐蚀产物对Q235钢失效过程的影响.结果表明液膜厚度会影响O2的扩散过程,并进一步影响腐蚀速率;C1～环境下,Q235钢腐蚀产物分成2层,外层为多孔疏松层,内层主要为α-FeOOH和γ -FeOOH组成的锈层,...