重构土壤垂直剖面重金属Cd赋存形态及影响因素

针对矿业废弃地高背景值-历史矿业源相叠加区下土壤重金属Cd污染问题,以西南地区某历史硫磺矿业废弃地重构土壤为研究对象,采集剖面土壤共30个样品,分析测试土壤样品中镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、镍(Ni)、砷(As)和汞(Hg),利用电镜扫描-能谱分析(SEM-EDS)和重金属形态连续提取的BCR方法,分析不同土层厚度下Cd的赋存形式,运用风险评价编码法(RAC)和次生相与原生相分布比值法(RSP)对其进行有效性评价,以及对不同理化性质下Cd各形态的变化规律进行了初步探讨.结果表明,研究区5种重金属中Cd全量的富集系数最高,达4以上;通过形貌特征可以发现,样品中存在较多的次棱角状、棱角状颗粒,不同深度下的能谱特征显示结果相似,均含有Cd、Fe、S和As等元素,Cd元素是以类质同象形式存在;对Cd进行潜在风险评价,RAC结果显示为中等风险及以下,RSP结果主要为重度污染;重金属全量是影响Cd各形态含量分布的最主要因素,其次pH、有机质和CEC,对垂直深度的土壤Cd赋存形态也表现出不同程度的影响.该研究结果可为进一步了解Cd在剖面土壤的活性、迁移规律、生物毒性和赋存形式提供科学依据.     

Pt-Cu/TiO2{001}纳米片用于CO2加氢制甲醇反应的研究

以高暴露{001}晶面的TiO₂纳米片为载体,利用共还原法负载0.5%的Pt和一定量的Cu得到Pt-Cu/TiO₂{001}催化剂,并在P=3.0 MPa,T=200~300℃,V（N₂）：V（H₂）：V（CO₂）=8：69：23,空速（WHSV）=3600 mL·g^-1·h^-1反应条件下评价了催化剂催化CO₂加氢制甲醇的反应性能.XRD、XPS、EPR和CO₂-TPD等的表征表明,与催化剂Cu/TiO₂相比,引入Pt后,催化剂由于金属Pt的电子促进作用使负载的金属与载体之间的相互作用更强,进而有利于稳定Cu颗粒尺寸且载体形成了更多缺陷（如氧空位、Ti³⁺）.因此,Pt-Cu/TiO₂{001}催化剂的金属与载体界面上的活性位点更多,从而表现出更好的CO₂活化能力和甲醇生成性能.     

空间环境下碳纤维/双马树脂基复合材料的性能演化及损伤机理

目的基于碳纤维/双马树脂基(CF/BMI)复合材料在航天结构材料中广泛的应用前景,研究其性能演化及损伤机理,为评估与预测其在空间环境下的服役性能及寿命提供理论依据。方法利用地面试验装置模拟不同的空间环境因素包括真空热循环、质子辐照和电子辐照,利用动态力学分析(DMA)、热重分析(TGA)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、热膨胀分析、原子力显微镜(AFM)和力学性能测试等手段系统地研究CF/BMI复合材料在空间环境下的性能变化及损伤行为。结果真空热循环能够引发复合材料产生脱气行为与界面脱粘效应,使其横向拉伸强度退化,弯曲强度和层间剪切强度受到热循环初期固化交联作用的影响,呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势。质子辐照导致材料表面层化学键断裂及碳化,使力学性能及热性能受到一定程度的损伤。电子辐照能够引发辐照交联和辐照降解作用,在较高束流量辐照下降解作用占据主导地位成为复合材料力、热性能退化的决定性因素。结论预期研究成果为CF/BMI复合材料在空间环境下的服役性能及寿命的评估与预测提供了必要的理论依据。     

反硝化除磷脱氮系统中DPB的驯化富集培养

反硝化同时脱氮除磷系统中反硝化除磷菌(DPB)的培养驯化状况,将直接影响污水中氮磷等营养元素的同时去除效率以及系统的高效稳定运行,为此本实验研究设计了一套以实际生活污水为处理对象的双污泥反硝化脱氮除磷工艺流程,采用逐渐过渡的培养方式,为DPB创造良好的厌氧/缺氧交替环境,即创造特定的适合DPB生存的环境条件让其进行自然选择,以筛选出来需要的DPB菌.结果表明,通过15d的间歇曝气的厌氧/好氧(A/O)运行方式可以对PAOs进行快速诱导;第二阶段,通过好氧曝气时间的逐渐减少,缺氧段投加硝酸氮的厌氧/好氧/缺氧(A/O/A)运行模式,25d左右可达到强化诱导反应器里面的DPB占PAOs的比例;最后让DPB在严格的厌氧/缺氧交替环境下进行富集培养19d,通过这种逐渐过渡培养的方式获得了对所需要的DPB菌的成功诱导富集,该菌的成功驯化培养为市政生活污水中的氮磷同时高效稳定去除提供了一种新方法.     

Antioxidant effect of L-cysteine on sodium-valproate-induced oxidative stress in rat liver: biochemical and ultrastructural approaches

L-Cysteine has protective efficacy in cases of oxidative tissue injury. Sodium valproate is widely used as an anticonvulsant and an antidepressant in spite of hepatotoxicity as side effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective role of L-cysteine in liver toxicity induced by sodium valproate overdose. Release of the hepatic enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, and levels of lipid profiles, as well as the oxidative, enzymatic, and non-enzymatic antioxidant were assessed. Liver damage was judged histologically. L-Cysteine decreased the activity of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, as well as improved the level of lipid profile, increased the enzymatic antioxidant (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase), and decreased the lipid peroxidation. L-Cysteine administration inhibited liver injury of sodium valproate.     

Accelerated anaerobic dechlorination of DDT in slurry with Hydragric Acrisols using citric acid and anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS)

The application of electron donor and electron shuttle substances has a vital influence on electron transfer,thus may affect the reductive dechlorination of 1,1,1-trichoro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane(DDT) in anaerobic reaction systems.To evaluate the roles of citric acid and anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate(AQDS) in accelerating the reductive dechlorination of DDT in Hydragric Acrisols that contain abundant iron oxide,a batch anaerobic incubation experiment was conducted in a slurry system with four treatments of(1) control,(2) citric acid,(3) AQDS,and(4) citric acid + AQDS.Results showed that DDT residues decreased by 78.93%–92.11% of the initial quantities after 20 days of incubation,and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-ethane(DDD) was the dominant metabolite.The application of citric acid accelerated DDT dechlorination slightly in the first 8 days,while the methanogenesis rate increased quickly,and then the acceleration effect improved after the 8th day while the methanogenesis rate decreased.The amendment by AQDS decreased the Eh value of the reaction system and accelerated microbial reduction of Fe(III) oxides to generate Fe(II),which was an efficient electron donor,thus enhancing the reductive dechlorination rate of DDT.The addition of citric acid + AQDS was most efficient in stimulating DDT dechlorination,but no significant interaction between citric acid and AQDS on DDT dechlorination was observed.The results will be of great significance for developing an efficient in situ remediation strategy for DDT-contaminated sites.     

蒽醌类有机质对针铁矿异化还原解离特征影响

基于希瓦氏金属还原菌(Shewanella decolorationis S12)和针铁矿相互作用,讨论了蒽醌类有机质(AQS)对该针铁矿异化还原过程的调控机制.结果表明:AQS作为电子运移载体,使得还原解离态铁总量(Fetot)和可溶态铁含量(Fedis)均快速增加;不同含量的AQS加入前后,针铁矿还原平均速率得到显著上升,速率比在2.4~4.0之间,且该比值和AQS含量呈显著的线性关系,可决系数为0.9947.Fedis/Fetot比值随AQS含量升高而降低,当AQS含量由0.05 mmol·L-1增加至0.3 mmol·L-1时,Fedis/Fetot比值由0.935减小至0.705.Feads含量随AQS含量增加而增加,当体系中无AQS时,Feads含量维持在较低的水平(0.05 mmol·L-1).AQS参与下的铁异化还原过程实际上是由两个独立的子过程组成,即微生物呼吸作用驱动了AQS和还原态蒽二酚(AH2QS)的循环转变过程以及AH2QS进一步还原解离针铁矿的非生物过程.     

Mitochondrial electron transport chain is involved in microcystin-RR induced tobacco BY-2 cells apoptosis

Microcystin-RR （MC-RR） has been suggested to induce apoptosis in tobacco BY-2 cells through mitochondrial dysfunction including the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential . TO further elucidate the mechanisms involved in MC-RR induced apoptosis in tobacco BY-2 cells, we have investigated the role of mitochondrial electron transport chain （ETC） as a potential source for reactive oxygen species （ROS）. Tobacco BY-2 cells after exposure to MC-RR （60 mg/L） displayed apoptotic changes in association with an increased production of ROS and loss of Am. All of these adverse effects were significantly attenuated by ETC inhibitors including Rotenone （2 μmol/L, complex I inhibitor） and antimycin A （0.01 μmol/L, complex III inhibitor）, but not by thenoyltrifluoroacetone （S μmol/L, complex Ⅱinhibitor）. These results suggest that rnitochondrial ETC plays a key role in mediating MC-RR induced apoptosis in tobacco BY-2 cells through an increased mitochondrial production of ROS.     

新疆环境保护网站建设的现状与发展探讨

1997年建成的＂新疆环境保护＂网站是全国第一家环保门户网站,也是新疆第一家政府类网站,新疆环保网站建设与发展已经历风雨兼程的10a,现在正进入一个崭新的发展阶段.回顾、总结和展望新疆各级环保网站的发展,吸取发展中的经验与教训,探索新疆各级环保网站建设中的规律,对新疆环保电子政务的＂理性建设、快速推进＂大有裨益.