放射源在线监控系统设计与应用

为了防止在使用放射源时发生脱落、丢失、超标使用、私自转移等情况,最大限度避免辐射安全事故,有必要设计建立放射源在线监控系统,对放射源放射性指标(辐射剂量率)及所处位置(经纬度)实行连续的自动监测。并通过各级监管平台设置放射源超标、异动等报警程序,全面提升放射源科学监管水平。     

不同能量电子辐照下星用瑞侃导线性能退化研究

目的研究卫星上外露导线在空间辐射环境下的耐受能力。方法通过分析GEO轨道下在轨10年航天器外露瑞侃导线的辐照环境,研究低能和高能电子对导线性能的影响,地面模拟试验参数选择能量分别为45 keV和1 MeV,注量率均为8.3×10^10 e/(cm^2·s),总注量均为2×10^16 e/cm^2。考察瑞侃导线力学性能(断裂伸长率、拉伸强度)和电性能(击穿电压)的退化情况,并用XPS和SEM测试分析手段,对其电子辐照损伤机理进行研究。结果在不同能量电子辐照下,瑞侃导线的力学性能均略有下降,没有显著区别,而电学性能严重退化,且低能电子较高能电子对其电学性能影响更为严重,其击穿电压分别下降了100%和50%。结论通过剂量-深度分布计算,45 keV入射电子能量全部沉积在样品表层下数微米的深度范围内,完全被导线外皮吸收,对样品的损伤较大;而1 MeV入射电子能量绝大部分穿透表皮沉积在样品铜芯中,因而其性能退化情况相对低能电子较小。进一步的,通过SEM和XPS测试和分析发现,电子辐照造成瑞侃导线分子链降解,形成自由基以及气体,自由基的再交联是造成瑞侃导线损伤的重要机理。     

紫外辐射对小球藻混凝效果作用途径探讨

针对藻类在常规水处理过程中难以被有效去除的现状,采用紫外辐射对藻类混凝过程进行强化处理.结果表明,随着紫外照射时间的增加,混凝后对藻细胞和浊度的去除均呈先上升后下降的趋势,并在照射50 min时达到最大值.PAC(聚合氯化铝)投加量为5 mg·L~(-1)时,照射样的除藻率和去浊率达到最大,分别比空白样高20.1%和18%左右.pH值在6~9范围内,紫外辐射强化混凝效果的变化较小.溶液pH=8、紫外照射50 min,混凝后的除藻率和去浊率分别达到了93.5%和90.6%.此时,藻细胞Zeta电位最大,同时释放出藻黏液,有利于混凝沉降.而当紫外照射超过60 min后,出现细胞膜破裂,胞内有机物渗出,使得溶液中的有机物浓度急剧上升,Zeta电位开始下降,不利于后续混凝的进行.     

不同制备温度的水稻生物炭电子交换能力研究

为探究不同热解温度下生物炭的电子交换能力,通过限氧升温炭化法,利用水稻秸秆在不同热解温度条件下制备生物炭,与氧气、铁氰化钾氧化剂和柠檬酸钛还原剂进行氧化还原反应,对生物炭的得电子能力（EAC）和失电子能力（EDC）进行定量分析.结果显示,热解温度对生物炭的电子交换能力有较大影响,随热解温度升高至500℃时,生物炭的EAC和EDC达到最大,分别为3.86,1.72mmol/g高于500℃后,随着温度的增加,EAC和EDC逐渐减小,这是由于生物炭的醌类和酚类官能团的结构改变以及持久性自由基强度变化的联合作用.此外,柠檬酸钛和连二硫酸钠两种氧化还原电位不同的还原剂进一步证实了还原剂电位对生物炭EAC的影响.且生物炭具有氧化还原的可逆性,可逆的EAC与EDC之和近似等于生物炭的电子储存能力.     

Morphology, composition, and sources of individual aerosol particles at a regional background site of the YRD, China

Aerosol samples were collected at Lin'an, a background site of Yangtze River Delta(YRD).Morphology, size, composition, and mixing state of individual aerosol particles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS), and the soluble ions of PM_(1.0) were studied by aerosol mass spectrometer(AMS). The daily average AMS mass concentrations of sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium were about 5.8, 8.6, and 5.6 μg/m~3, respectively. Individual aerosol particles were classified into seven types: S-rich, K-rich, organic matter(OM), soot, fly ash, metal, and mineral. S-rich particles were dominant in all size bins, and 51%(by number) of S-rich particles were internally mixed with other particles. The fraction of organic coating particles was 13.7% in morning, 25.2% in afternoon, and 11% in evening, suggesting that the strong photochemical process during afternoon produced more secondary organic aerosols(SOA) on the surface of inorganic particles. Fly ash and metal particles were abundant during the day, suggesting the influence of emissions from coal-fired power plants and steel plants. The results indicate that the intense industrial emissions in the YRD significantly transported to the background areas. PM_(2.5) concentration may be lower in background air than in urban air but complex mixing state of aerosol particles indicates that the long-range transported particles substantially influenced the background air quality.     

基于GOCI数据的霾天气气溶胶辐射强迫的日内变化——以长江三角洲为例

以长江三角洲（以下简称长三角）为研究区,基于2017年10~12月内共16d 94景的晴空静止卫星GOCI L1B图像和6S模型,采用深蓝算法反演长三角地区气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）,并利用2个实测站数据进行验证.再通过反演得到的AOD结果进一步模拟计算该区域地表和大气层顶的气溶胶直接辐射效应（ADRE）,并结合典型的雾霾天气进行分析.结果表明：利用GOCI数据反演的AOD具有较高拟合精度,北辰楼站点拟合相关性R²为0.68,太湖站点为0.67.空间上,由于气溶胶存在制冷效应,AOD和地表面、大气层顶气溶胶直接辐射强度均呈现出显著的线性关系.时间上,由于气溶胶扩散和风向等因素,早上和下午辐射效应强度较高,中午较低.其中10：00和11：00影像可以较好地模拟日均ADRE的特征,利用ADRE日内变化成功捕捉到一次雾霾爆发并消失的现象,对气象部门监测近地表气温和分析灰霾的形成等具有重要意义.     

热障涂层对DD6单晶高温合金高周疲劳性能的影响

目的研究电子束物理气相沉积热障涂层对单晶高温合金高周疲劳性能的影响,为热障涂层在涡轮叶片上的应用提供技术支持。方法采用真空电弧镀和电子束物理气相沉积工艺制备YSZ热障涂层,进行900℃条件下高周疲劳性能测试,采用扫描电镜对测试后的试样表面、断口形貌进行观察与分析。结果在900℃、380 MPa条件下,带涂层的DD6单晶试棒循环次数(Nf)超过了107,420 MPa条件下超过了106。通过对DD6单晶试棒断口分析,失效后的带涂层试棒仍以DD6单晶常见滑移解离形式发生破坏。结论高周疲劳性能测试条件下,带YSZ热障涂层的试棒中粘结层率先产生垂直微裂纹,但是裂纹扩展延伸中发生氧化钝化,之后DD6基体沿正常的滑移方向从表面向内部疲劳扩展,带涂层的试棒疲劳裂纹并非由涂层微裂纹直接扩展形成,热障涂层对DD6单晶高温合金高周疲劳性能影响较小。     

电子束物理气相沉积制备热障涂层研究进展

介绍了电子束物理气相沉积设备的主要组成、工作原理和电子束物理气相沉积热障涂层的结构特点,并重点论述了工件转速、工件温度、靶材蒸汽入射角度、工件表面的粗糙度、粘结层预氧化、改性粘结层和双层陶瓷层等对电子束物理气相沉积热障涂层性能的影响。     

微波法处理含铬废渣的可行性分析

微波辐照解毒铬渣是一项新技术，为考察该技术应用的可行性，本文对铬渣解毒前后性状的变化进行了讨论。结果表明，该技术能较完全地使高价铬转化为低价铬，解毒渣中铬主要以三价形态存在，铬渣毒性得到消除；解毒渣浸出液中Cr^6＋浓度远低于国家危险废物鉴别标准，解毒渣已不属于危险固体废弃物，其在环境条件下可安全存放。说明该技术具有应用前景。     

Role of Amino Acids on <Emphasis Type="Italic">In Situ</Emphasis> Photografting of Jute Yarn with 3-(Trimethoxysilyl) Propylmethacrylate

To improve the mechanical performance of natural lignocellulosic jute yarn, grafting with [3-(trimethoxysilyl) propylmethacrylate] (TMSPM) monomer has been performed on in situ UV radiation and optimized the monomer concentration (30%) and irradiation time (30 min). Effect of various amino acids (1%) as additives in TMSPM with photografted jute yarn at optimized system has been studied. The polymer loading (PL) and tensile properties like tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (Eb) of treated samples were enhanced by incorporation of amino acids and the highest properties (TS = 300% and Eb = 386%) achieved by the sample treated with l-Arginine (Arg) with 32.5% PL value. Weak acid like 3% acetic acid and inorganic acid like 1% sulfuric acid were also incorporated in the optimized system of TMSPM grafting and compared their effect on the tensile properties with amino acid treated samples. Water absorption and weathering resistance of treated and untreated samples were also performed and treated sample showed lesser water uptake as well as less weight loss and mechanical properties as compared to untreated samples.