稀土催化剂在环保领域中的研究和应用

综述了稀土材料在催化剂中的作用机理,介绍了稀土催化剂在汽车尾气治理、烟气脱硫脱硝治理、室内空气净化、焦化污水处理以及其他领域的研究与应用进展,展望了稀土催化剂在环保产业中的发展前景。     

滇中城市群产业结构与用地结构关联研究

城市群产业结构与用地结构的协调发展有利于提高滇中城市群用地的空间绩效,优化城市群产业结构,提升城市群的整体功能.运用比例变化指数和Granger因果关系方法研究了滇中城市群产业结构和土地利用之间的变化关系：滇中城市群产业结构变化滞后于城市土地结构变化,城市土地结构变化和产业结构变化的差距呈先增加后减少的趋势,即滇中城市群产业结构和土地利用结构由非同步变化逐渐进入同步变化轨迹;短期内,滇中城市群产业结构变化促进了优化土地利用,土地利用变化又反作用于产业结构,但滇中产业结构和用地结构未出现同步变化规律,说明滇中产业结构和土地的因果关系结构要在长期发展才可能实现.     

钢铁行业循环经济与清洁生产技术评价方法研究

在分析钢铁行业循环经济与清洁生产技术范围与特点的基础上,通过循环经济3R原则、清洁生产技术评价的方法调研并结合生命周期理论,建立了钢铁行业循环经济与清洁生产技术的分析评价方法模型,并采用德尔菲方法进行专家多轮讨论修正,完善了模型的评价体系,为我国钢铁行业推行循环经济与清洁生产技术提供理论和技术支持。     

建筑安全事故人为因素分类研究

为系统研究导致建筑安全事故的人为因素及对策,首先,在文献分析和专家访谈的基础上结合建筑行业特征提出人为因素分类分析系统（HFACS）框架中应增加社会环境层,在修正框架层次和人为因素的基础上构建建筑安全事故人为因素分类分析系统（C-HFACS）框架;其次,对150起建筑安全事故进行案例分析,探讨C-HFACS框架中对事故影响显著的人为因素及其内在关联性,验证了构建C-HFACS框架的合理性;最后,得出政府监管等九个人为因素对事故和下层人为因素影响显著,并从政府、企业、现场和个体四个维度提出独立第三方“飞行式”巡检等有针对性的对策,以期为建筑安全事故分析和管理提供新的方法和工具。     

不同弹性体对电子废弃物废PP改性效果的影响

针对废PP(聚丙烯)的抗冲击强度降幅明显的问题,分别采用POE(乙烯-辛烯共聚物)和SBS(苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物)作为增韧剂,对废PP共混改性效果进行了研究. 结果表明:POE和SBS均可有效改善废PP的韧性,提高冲击强度;当弹性体用量为15%(以w计,下同)左右时,其共混体系的冲击变化过程由脆性断裂逐渐向韧性断裂转变;添加16.7%的弹性体时,POE和SBS共混体系的冲击强度可分别达到新PP的2.33和1.90倍,但POE对共混体系的冲击性能改善效果更佳. POE较SBS在废PP基体中分布更为均匀,弹性体用量为16.7%时,PP/POE体系熔体流动速率为17.4g/10min,大于PP/SBS体系(6.21g/10min),即PP/POE体系具有加工优势. 但是添加弹性体后,废PP共混体系的拉伸强度、弯曲强度等指标有所下降,需进一步提高.      

工业废水重金属排放区域及行业分布格局

掌握工业废水重金属污染区域及行业分布格局, 是有针对性开展全国性重金属污染防控的必要前提. GIS空间分析表明, 2003-2010年间, 工业废水重金属Hg、Cd、Pb、As排放主要集中在以湖南为核心、包括江西、云南、广西在内的南方四省区, 和北方甘肃、陕西两省, 而广东、福建、浙江、江苏等东部沿海省区Cr6+排放所占比重较大; 在行业分布格局方面, 南方和北方省区的重金属污染主要与当地有色金属、黑色金属矿采选、冶炼和加工行业密切相关, 而东部沿海地区则更多与当地电子、电器、运输设备制造业、化工、金属制品、纺织、皮革制品等行业密切相关.各地区、不同行业、不同类别重金属排放特征及减排成效存在较大差异, 反映了工业废水重金属防控亟需多学科研究技术支撑.     

Biofuels and agriculture: a past perspective and uncertain future

The US corn ethanol industry has grown from virtually nothing in the early 1980s to over 14 billion gallons in 2011. Subsidies have been an important impetus for the industry, and they have existed in one form or another throughout the life of the industry. This paper provides (1) a brief look at the history of the linkages between energy and agriculture and how they have changed with biofuels; (2) a review of some of the major impacts of the US corn ethanol program; and (3) analysis of prospective impacts of cellulosic biofuels. There is no doubt that biofuels have brought about a new era for global agriculture. Historically, the prices of agricultural and energy products moved in response to supply and demand factors relevant to each market, but moved largely independent of one another. Corn ethanol has changed that, and today there is a link between crude oil and corn that is driven by the demand side. Since agricultural commodity prices are linked both on the demand and supply sides, the corn–crude oil link spills over to other agricultural commodities as well. Development of cellulosic biofuels has been much slower than hoped. The feedstocks are more expensive than initially believed. Conversion technologies remain uncertain and expensive. There are many uncertainties through the cellulosic supply chain, and government policy remains uncertain as well. Thus, the future of the cellulosic biofuels industry is, at this point, an open question.     

China's dairy crisis: impacts,causes and policy implications for a sustainable dairy industry

The dairy industry is an important part of the global economy, and the rapidly developing dairy enterprises in China have become increasingly important to the rest of the world. Due to increasing demand for dairy products and support from the government, China's dairy industry has thrived in recent decades. But rapid growth has been accompanied by a suite of industry/structural problems associated with raw milk supply, processing enterprises, product retailing and profit allocation. Thus, a major dairy crisis took place in 2008, triggered by a notorious melamine-contaminated milk event. The dairy crisis has had devastating impacts on China's dairy industry, negatively affecting farmers, consumers, processing enterprises and even government agencies. The Chinese government has developed rigorous measures to prevent future incidents of this sort, including the enactment of the Food Safety Law and reinstatement of the no-exemption quality inspection of food products. In this paper, we analyse the wide-ranging impacts and root causes of the recent dairy crisis in China. We also examine how the crisis has been handled and what measures have been put in place in its aftermath. Then we discuss policy implications for promoting the sustainability of China's dairy industry. Lessons learned from this crisis, as well as implications for policy improvements, should be valuable for the development of a sustainable dairy industry in other regions of the world.     

An AHP-ELECTRE framework to evaluate barriers to green supply chain management in the leather industry

ABSTRACT

The leather-processing industry (LPI) is constantly polluting the environment in Bangladesh. As a result, stakeholders are continuously pressurizing managers working in LPI to embrace green leather-processing activities. Thus, the green concept is attracting significant attention from managers in the Bangladeshi LPI. However, the industry is struggling with many barriers to implementing green supply chain management (GSCM). There are many studies regarding barriers to GSCM. However, those studies failed to show the possible pathways to implement GSCM. This study addresses the gap by evaluating barriers to GSCM considering effective pathways to GSCM. In this study, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is integrated with Elimination Et Choix Traduisant La Realite (ELECTRE-I) method to identify and prioritize the barriers and to rank the possible pathways to implementing GSCM in the leather industry. To accredit the proposed framework, it is implemented on a leather-processing factory in Bangladesh. A sensitivity analysis is performed to inspect the strength of the outcome of this method. The outcome of this study indicates that the high cost of advanced technology is the most important barrier to implement GSCM while green technology and techniques are the most effective pathways to GSCM. The findings of this research will support researchers and practitioners by giving insights on barriers and possible pathways to implementing GSCM.     

湖南文化产业区域差异测度分析及对策研究

在选取了极值比率、加权变异系数、基尼系数、锡尔系数及偏态系数这5个相对差异指标的基地之上,通过对2006年-2011年这6年间湖南14个市州人均文化产业增加值进行计算,发现全省文化产业区域差异呈现出周期性波动,湘西和湘东地区的文化产业差异逐渐拉大,长此以往,将会影响到全省文化产业的整体增速,因此,提出采用均衡发展战略,未来湖南省文化产业的侧重点应该放在缩小湘东、湘中、湘西三个区域的差异上.图20,表9,参5.