电子产品虚拟试验评估技术综述

介绍了虚拟试验技术在电子产品评估鉴定中的应用方法。首先论述了虚拟试验技术产生的背景及其技术优势。然后结合国外的研究状况,重点对电子产品虚拟试验评估技术的基本流程和涉及的关键技术作了总结和归纳。最后,指出虚拟试验技术在电子产品评估中具有广阔的应用前景。     

电子废弃物回收管理现状与研究

针对我国电子废弃物的巨大产生量和废弃量,分析了我国电子废弃物的来源与流向,以及管理过程中收集、贮存、重复使用和再生利用等几个环节的现状。提出针对我国国情,在电子废弃物立法、产业化以及回收体制等方面的可行性建议。     

成都市工业挥发性有机物排源成分谱

选取成都市汽车制造和石油化工等典型工业行业,通过瓶采样和SUMMA罐采样及GC-MS分析方法,研究了不同生产工艺环节的挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放特征.结果表明,汽车制造各工艺环节均有各自的优势组分,其中喷漆排放以烷烃(32%)和芳香烃(35%)为主.家具制造排放特征与使用原辅料高度相关,以芳香烃(50%)和OVOCs(38%)为主.石油化工各装置区VOCs浓度范围为49～1 387μg·m~(-3),不同装置区存在较大差异,主要是由于炼油区主要产品为C_5～C_9的汽油和苯系物等,化工区则较多使用了溶剂同时生成烯烃类产品.电子制造均以OVOCs为主,占VOCs总排放的50%以上.制鞋行业排放VOCs主要由烷烃和OVOCs贡献,平均占比分别为52%和36%,与所用溶剂组分高度相关.汽车制造VOCs排放组分差异较大,主要以正十二烷和2-丁酮等为主.家具制造排放组分主要为苯乙烯、乙酸乙酯和间/对-二甲苯等,为涂料和稀释剂的典型组分.石油化工各装置区排放组分有差异,炼油区以苯乙烯等为主,化工区主要为1,3-丁二烯等,仓储区主要为C_3～C_5烷烃等,废水处理则主要为C_6～C_8烷烃等.电子制造主要组分均为乙醇和丙酮等醛酮组分.制鞋企业排放组分以C_5和C_6等烷烃为主.通过臭氧生成潜势计算比较,汽车制造和石油化工行业对臭氧生成潜势贡献较大的VOCs排放组分以烯烃和芳香烃为主,具有较高的污染源反应活性.研究表明各工业行业OVOCs排放比例(17%～96%)和对臭氧生成潜势贡献均较为显著,因此在进行VOCs排放控制时,除重点管控芳香烃和烯烃外,亦应提高对OVOCs组分的关注.     

浅析中国的电子垃圾治理

本文分析了电子垃圾的成分、特征、危害以及中国电子垃圾现状,并在借鉴国外先进经验的基础上,进一步探讨了中国电子垃圾污染现状的原因和如何规范并合理地处理和回收电子垃圾,通过从法律、市场、企业和政府等多方面分析,提出了防治电子垃圾污染的建议和措施,同时呼吁社会各界共同关注电子垃圾对我们生存环境的影响,提高资源化废弃物和循环经济理念,提高全社会的环境保护意识,鼓励公众参与,这对促进中国经济的可持续发展和构建和谐社会具有重大意义。     

电子商务在环保产业的应用及前景

电子商务和环保产业是当今社会的两大热门话题，分析了两种新兴产业结合的可能性和电子商务在环保市场上的应用现状，同时也对其应用前景作了展望。     

电子产品故障物理模型研究与应用进展

提出了故障物理模型的基本概念,对几种常见的电子产品故障物理模型,包括互连热疲劳模型、互连振动疲劳模型、电迁移模型和与时间相关的介质击穿模型等进行了分析,总结提出了基于失效发生因素和失效发生过程的损伤模型建模等两种故障物理模型的建模方法。结合工程应用情况,对两种故障物理模型的应用方法——可靠性仿真分析方法和可靠性加速试验方法进行了讨论。最后对故障物理模型的研究进行了展望。     

废旧电子电气设备的资源化与无害化技术

数量巨大的废旧电子电气设备已成为威胁我国环境的重要固体废弃物,同时也是丰富的再生资源,介绍了国内外回收处理废弃电子电气设备的现状,讨论了当前处理利用废弃电子电气设备方面存在的主要问题,并根据废旧电子电气设备的特点,就其拆卸、电子塑料的处理以及有毒有害物质的分离等技术提出了研究开发建议。     

A review of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and alternative brominated flame retardants in wildlife from China: Levels, trends, and bioaccumulation characteristics

Accelerated industrialization and urbanization, and unregulated disposal of waste of electric and electronic equipment (e-waste) in China have caused environmental pollution of brominated flame retardants (BFRs). This review summarized the levels, trends, and bioaccumulation characteristics of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and other potential alternative BFRs including hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-dibromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE) and decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) in wildlife from China. PBDE levels in wildlife from China were generally higher than those from other parts in Asia, and were comparable to those from Europe but were lower than those from North America. However, wildlife from the e-waste recycling sites in South China and East China contained much higher PBDEs compared to other reports around the world, suggesting the heavy contamination of PBDEs in these regions. The alternative BFRs were also detected in wildlife, revealing that the animals are exposed to these chemicals, in addition to PBDEs. Temporal trends indicated by levels in marine mammals from South China suggested that PBDE levels increased from the beginning of 1990s to 2000s, but decreased from the middle of 2000s, followed by relatively steady levels. In contrast, HBCDs were found to be continuously increasing from 1997 to 2007, indicating the increasing usage of HBCDs in China in recent years. Compared to PBDE profiles found in other parts, aquatic species and birds from China contained relatively higher contributions of BDE-28 and 209, respectively, suggesting the possible different usage pattern of PBDEs. Future works including keeping monitoring at a reasonable scale and frequency to make sure levels near urban centers indicative of population do not increase are needed. Additionally, focus effort on e-waste recycling regions to look for impacts and to determine if regulation/controls are resulting in lower environmental contamination, and incorporation of sentinel species in monitoring efforts are recommended.     

提高电子元器件使用可靠性的方法

针对实际工作中元器件使用可靠性方面存在的问题．本文通过在实际工作的经验积累和技术研究总结,在电子元器件的选择与检测控制等方面,提出了提高电子元器件使用可靠性的方法。实践证明,这些方法可以直接应用于电子元器件的工程选择与检测控制。     

Histological changes in the reproductive system of male rats exposed to cigarette smoke or electronic cigarette vapor

Abstract

The use of electronic cigarettes increases as a supposedly healthier form of nicotine consumption, but safety of vaping remains uncertain. In this study, we assessed whether the use of electronic cigarettes increases the risk of infertility in male rats. Malformations of sperm morphology were more frequent in nicotine-exposed groups than in the control group. Vacuolization of seminiferous epithelium, reduction of spermatogenesis, increased apoptosis of spermatogonia and spermatocytes, and acceleration of degeneration of testes were observed. The male reproductive organs are slightly less affected by vaping than by smoking. Nevertheless, in consequence both may lead to the reduction of fertility.