废旧电脑拆解工艺与资源化案例研究

以某再生资源公司的废旧电脑拆解为案例进行研究,介绍了工艺技术、拆解回收各种资源的数据。研究结果表明,我国废旧电脑人工拆解-破碎-冶炼相结合的工艺,是电子废弃物循环利用、资源高效回收、减少环境风险的较好工艺技术,符合固废处理的3R(替代、减少、优化)原则。     

电子装备南海环境适应性改进设计研究

南海地区环境条件非常严酷,某雷达电子装备服役于我国南海某海岛,在保持主要战技指标不变的前提下,针对南海地区高温高湿高盐雾的环境特点重新对雷达进行了环境适应性改进设计研究,在总体、电讯、结构、工艺和军方等的有效协调配合下,其改进设计得到了有效实施,通过试验验证在南海几年来的使用运行,历经高湿热、强盐雾的影响,防护设计效果满足预期设计要求。     

废旧锂离子电池资源化技术研究

通过介绍废旧锂离子电池的组成成分及近年来废旧锂离子电池资源化处理技术的研究进展,提出目前主要回收方法有溶解分离法和直接回收正极材料的新型方法等,并对现有研究中存在的二次污染、安全性问题进行了初步探讨。     

加快开发废橡胶能源利用的必要性分析

废橡胶能源利用有各种途径,从环境保护、回收利用难度、处理消耗量等多个方面的分析,可以看出废橡胶能源利用很有必要,我国必须要加快废橡胶能源利用的研究与开发。     

浅析中国的电子垃圾治理

本文分析了电子垃圾的成分、特征、危害以及中国电子垃圾现状,并在借鉴国外先进经验的基础上,进一步探讨了中国电子垃圾污染现状的原因和如何规范并合理地处理和回收电子垃圾,通过从法律、市场、企业和政府等多方面分析,提出了防治电子垃圾污染的建议和措施,同时呼吁社会各界共同关注电子垃圾对我们生存环境的影响,提高资源化废弃物和循环经济理念,提高全社会的环境保护意识,鼓励公众参与,这对促进中国经济的可持续发展和构建和谐社会具有重大意义。     

Optimization of the recovery of plastics for recycling by density media separation cyclones

Material recovery processes are presented as the optimum option for recycling plastic wastes as a means of recovering hydrocarbon resources. There exist a large variety of automated material recovery processes for recycling of such wastes but each with significant limitations. Of these, the separation based on differences in densities is advocated as the optimum process either for producing recycled products or preparing wastes for subsequent recovery processing.Density separation processes based on cyclone type density media separation (DMS) is presented as an important, potential method for increasing plastics recycling process capacities. It is demonstrated to have the capacity to separate a significantly larger range of particle sizes than those presently processed industrially. The mathematical relationship for the prediction of quality of typical LARCODEMS type density media separations by particle size and density as expressed by the Ecart Probable is presented.A proposed device configuration is presented for density media separation to optimize the recovery and purity of both density fractions produced. It is also suggested that to be economically viable, a large scale of operation is required for industrial plastics recycling operations recovering and producing a number of different plastics with a purity to be used as a substitute for virgin material.     

Household organic waste composting using bins with different types of passive aeration

The objective of this study was to study the performances of six 200-L polyethylene bins, each with different design for passive aeration to organic wastes composting. Food scraps and dry leaves (1.6 kg) were added to each bin once a day until the bin was full. Temperatures at the middle portion were measured daily. The compost from each bin was taken once a week for 120 days for analysis of C, N, volatile solids, and a germination index once a week for 120 days. After 120 days, the compost sample from each bin was taken to determine the mass reduction, size distribution, CEC, N, P and K values. The results showed that the temperatures inside the bins were in the ranges of 24 °C-57 °C. The composts in all bins were found to be stable at around 56-91 days. The wastes decayed fastest in bins with lateral and vertical systems of natural ventilation. It took about two months to stabilize the organic wastes, with a 59-62% decrease of mass. The C/N ratio, CEC, N, P, and K values of the final composts were 14.8-16.0, 66-68 cmol/kg, and 1.26-1.50% N, 0.52-0.56% P₂O₅ and 1.66-1.92% K₂O, respectively.     

我国电子废弃物处理产业现状与前景探讨

电子废弃物处理产业是伴随我国近年来社会经济快速发展而产生的一个新兴产业。本文分析了电子废弃物的经济价值、处理技术和产业政策,并对我国电子废弃物处理产业的现状与前景进行了探讨。     

贵屿电子垃圾处理对河流底泥及土壤重金属污染

以广东省汕头市贵屿镇电子垃圾处理场为对象,主要研究了电子垃圾场附近河流的底泥和农田土壤中重金属形态分布特征。结果表明,底泥中Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn质量分数分别为52.9-67.1、309-359、79.2-1485、391-449、37.5-111 mg.kg^-1;土壤中Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn的平均质量分数分别是54.1-57.1、278-320、93.5-116、382-415、46.2-68.1 mg.kg^-1。底泥和土壤中Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb均超过《土壤环境质量标准》（GB15618—1995）二级标准,其中以Cd和Cu污染最为严重。底泥及土壤中重金属的地球化学形态分布规律基本一致。重金属具有较高迁移性,重金属的迁移性为Cd〉Cr〉Pb〉Zn〉Cu。     

电子垃圾拆解废渣-土壤-蔬菜中多氯联苯污染特征与健康风险评估

为研究某电子垃圾拆解区废渣-土壤-蔬菜中多氯联苯(PCBs)污染特征及对人体的潜在健康风险.对电子垃圾废渣样品采样3个、废渣旁的农田土壤和蔬菜分别采样10个和18个(油麦菜6个、四季豆6个和圆白菜6个).废渣、土壤和蔬菜中PCBs含量测定采用高分辨气相色谱-质谱法.结果表明,总PCBs水平:废渣(11 938ng·g-...