管式电除尘器"伞形罩"结构特性研究

在高温、高湿窑炉烟气条件下,采用立式管式电除尘器“伞形罩”结构,能够解决其清灰不力、二次扬尘、除尘效率不稳定等问题。本研究了“伞形罩”结构的除尘机理及效率及清灰力度影响因素、抑制二次扬尘机制。研究结果表明,“伞形罩”结构除尘效率因集尘表面积的增加而提高;应用支铁框架式振打方式,振打强度明显加强;其分流机制能有效地抑制二次扬尘：从而为“伞形罩”结构的优化设计提供了依据。     

电除尘器电晕线支撑部分和屏蔽管屏蔽效应的试验研究

通过试验研究探讨了电除尘器电晕线支撑部分和屏蔽管静电屏蔽效应的规律.利用电晕线支撑部分和屏蔽管的静电屏蔽效应,可以改善电除尘器板电流密度分布,减弱反电晕,并可得到高电压低电流的安全运行状态.     

Partial neutralization of rain by seaspray: the case of Recôncavo, Bahia-Brazil

In the Recôncavo of Bahia (located between 12°33′ and 13°10′S and 38°00′and 39°00′W), there are significant discharges of SO₂ and NO_x due to local, industrial and urban activities. The incoming air masses from the Atlantic Ocean are enriched with seaspray, which neutralizes part of the rain acidity. The extent of seaspray neutralization of rain acidity was quantified in four sites of the region, each with different loads of seaspray. Rain samples were obtained daily at the same time, integrating the precipitation of the previous 24 h, using wet-only collectors and analyzed for pH by potentiometry and for sodium by flame photometry. The amount of rain acidity in Recôncavo neutralized by seaspray ranged from <1% up to 88% and depended on the site. On average, neutralization ranged from 5% to 18%.     

碳中和趋势下数学模拟在污水处理系统中的发展与综合应用

数学模拟技术在污水处理方面被广泛应用,为了系统总结相关技术,本文回顾了污水处理系统中数学模拟技术的发展历程;综述了活性污泥模型(ASM)与机器学习(ML)在水质预测及参数工况优化领域中的应用;重点探究了污水处理系统中温室气体排放模型,以及多目标优化模型在污水处理系统中温室气体排放(GHG)、出水质量(EQI)和运行成本(OCI)的权衡问题;归纳了数学模拟技术在实现污水厂能量自给与资源回收的应用发展.研究结果表明数学模拟技术能准确预测出水水质、快速优化工艺参数、权衡温室气体排放、出水水质与运行成本之间的关系、以及提高资源回收效率等.因此,数值模拟技术可有效指导污水处理工艺的运行优化以及管理,为污水处理行业减污降碳协同增效提供技术支撑.     

废弃物焚烧处理温室气体排放情景模拟与预测

为模拟废弃物焚烧处理过程中产生的温室气体排放,积极推动温室气体减排工作,早日实现碳达峰碳中和目标.基于系统动力学和IPCC温室气体排放计算方法,构建了以基准情景（BAU）为基础,从单一和综合技术类型减排情景出发的焚烧处理温室气体排放模型,并模拟预测了2010~2050年温室气体排放量（以CO_2e计,CO_2e为CO₂当量）的趋势变化、减排潜力以及空间分布.结果表明：①2010~2019年我国废弃物焚烧处理温室气体排放量呈增长趋势,于2016年后显著提升,年增速为18.61%.②2020~2050年,单一技术减排情景的中端改进情景（S2）和终端减排情景（S3）温室气体排放量分别于2043年和2036年达到峰值8410万t和6966万t.综合技术减排情景相较于单一技术减排情景较早达到排放峰值,综合技术减排情景中全过程减排情景（S7）采用多种减排技术协同控制温室气体排放,2050年累积排放量为205927万t,相对BAU情景减排了78.27%,排放达峰时间最早且减排潜力最大.③焚烧处理温室气体排放空间差异显著,排放量较多的省份主要分布在人口密集且经济发达的区域,江苏和广东省排放量最多,甘肃、吉林和宁夏等6个省份为排放低值区.     

碳减排背景下我国与世界主要能源消费国能源消费结构与模式对比

选取2020年世界能源消费量累积占比达80%的前23个国家作为研究对象,通过从一次能源清洁化率、化石能源清洁利用率和电能占终端能源消费率角度对其能源消费结构进行对比研究,从单位GDP能耗、人均能耗和单位国土面积能耗角度,结合产业结构和分部门能源消费构成,对其能源消费强度进行深入分析,探讨各国在社会经济运行与生产生活中的能源消费模式,提出能源消费自然碳汇承载负荷比概念,指出我国在碳达峰与碳中和目标下能源消费模式转型面临的优势与挑战.结果表明,我国一次能源清洁化率、发电用能占比、化石能源清洁化利用率和电能占终端能耗比分别达到15.90%、53.48%、37.51%和26.54%,均在世界主要能源消费国家中处于前列,已经架构起良好的能源集约化和清洁化利用结构基础;非工农业能源消费占比尤其是仅为14.09%的交通能源占比在主要能源消费国中最低,已经形成了具有相对优势的绿色低碳能源消费模式;基于产业结构优化潜在的总体能源生产率还有较大提升空间;但相对较短的碳达峰与碳中和目标期对清洁能源发展速度与规模提出了巨大挑战,碳排放约束下的国际形势对我国通过优化调整产业结构实现降碳目标也增加了难度.     

管式电除尘器“伞形罩”结构的应用

本文通过分析立式管式电除尘器结构及使用现状 ,总结其失效的主要原因在于阳极 (圆筒管 )的清灰不力。为解决清灰不力的问题 ,提出了“伞形罩”阳极结构 ,其具有的不积尘、自动排灰功能 ,经实践检验 ,效果显著     

上海金山区酸雨分布特征及降水酸度主控因子探讨

依据上海金山区2006-2010年降水监测数据,分析了该地区降水pH年均值、酸度及酸雨频率的分布特征,并对降水化学组成及各离子间的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,2006-2010年金山区降水的酸化及酸化频率较高,pH均值为4.24,酸雨频率为86.4%。降水主要离子为SO42-、NO3-、NH4+、Ca2+和Na+,上述5种离子占降水离子总浓度的87.8%,主要酸性离子SO42-、NO3-与阳离子NH4+、Ca2+和Mg2+均具有较高相关性。通过对降水酸度主控因子的探讨发现,主要致酸物质为SO42-,但NO3-对降水酸度的影响越来越大,碱性物质中和作用中起主导地位的是NH4+,雨水酸化的最主要来源为人为污染源。     

Titration Curves: A Useful Instrument for Assessing the Buffer Systems of Acidic Mining Waters (10 pp)

Background, Aims and Scope The acidification of mine waters is generally caused by metal sulfide oxidation, related to mining activities. These waters are characterized by low pH and high acidity due to strong buffering systems. The standard acidity parameter, the Base Neutralization Capacity (BNC) is determined by endpoint titration, and reflects a cumulative parameter of both hydrogen ions and all buffering systems, but does not give information on the individual buffer systems. We demonstrate that a detailed interpretation of titration curves can provide information about the strength of the buffering systems. The buffering systems are of importance for environmental studies and treatment of acidic mining waters. Methods Titrations were carried out by means of an automatic titrator using acidic mining waters from Germany and Canada. The curves were interpreted, compared with each other, to endpoint titration results and to elemental concentrations contained therein. Results and Discussion The titration curves were highly reproducible, and contained information about the strength of the buffer systems present. Interpretations are given, and the classification and comparison of acidic mining waters, by the nature and strength of their buffering systems derived from titration curves are discussed. The BNC-values calculated from the curves were more precise than the ones determined by the standard endpoint titration method. Due to the complex buffer mechanisms in acidic mining waters, the calculation of major metal concentrations from the shape of the titration curve resulted in estimates, which should not be confused with precise elemental analysis results. Conclusion Titration curves provide an inexpensive, valuable and versatile tool, by which to obtain sophisticated information of the acidity in acidic water. The information about the strength of the present buffer systems can help to understand and document the complex nature of acidic mining water buffer systems. Finally, the interpretation of titration curves could help to improve treatment measurements and the ecological understanding of these acidic waters.