铁路危险品货场中人体静电放电隐患的测量与评估

根据人体静电的基本理论,人体的对地静电电位、电容和电阻是静电放电隐患的3个主要评估参数,也是建立静电危害模型的关键参数。笔者结合实际测量数据,对铁路危险品货场中人体静电放电的隐患进行了分析与评估,并探讨了其危害机理,提出了流动人体模型和人体—老虎车模型,给出了模型参数的数值。基于实测数据和放电模型分析的评估结果表明:在铁路危险品货场中,源于人体静电放电的静电电击和静电引爆两个隐患不容忽视;与基于实测数据的直接评估结果相比,人体—老虎车模型得出的评估结论是静电放电隐患,更值得关注。     

电除尘器及其电离荷电机制的研究新进展

详细介绍了电除尘技术研究现状、现存问题及其研究趋势.目前电除尘技术的理论尚不完备,属于经验工程的学科,电除尘器的技术性能优劣取决于设计命中率.为此,论述烟尘荷电凝聚机制并研究电离放电通道中的带电粒子复合问题及其输运特性等,以便解决除尘电场中的电离占空比、输运项甚低等问题;研究了烟尘荷电、凝聚的物理过程,以便进一步提高电除尘器的性能.     

电除尘器在磷石膏烘干窑的应用

根据生产工艺的具体要求,结合现场实际情况,采用超高压静电除尘技术治理磷石膏烘干窑尾气,详述了该专用电除尘器的特殊结构及其主要性能。运行表明,取得很好的效果。     

酯化废水铁还原预处理的研究

用铁还原－中和－混凝沉淀法进行酯化废水预处理试验,原废水不稀释,铁还原处理在曝气条件下运行,还原时间为７￣８ｈ,处理过程中的耗铁量为每升废水１２０ｍｇ左右,全过程ＣＯＤ去除率可达３０％以上,ＢＯＤ５去除率可达４０％以上,色度降低５０％。     

电袋一体式除尘技术的应用解析

讲述了电袋一体式除尘技术的发展现状及操作原理,在此基础上,分别从电袋一体式除尘器电除尘区的电场数量选择、电除尘区和布袋除尘区的烟气均流问题及处理等应用方面的问题展开解析,并提出相应的措施建议,希望能为相关人士提供参考。     

多溴联苯醚定量结构-性质关系的分子表面静电势应用研究

对持久性有机污染物多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)209个分子进行HF/6-31G*水平上的结构优化,并在优化结构基础上进行了分子静电势及其导出参数的计算.应用多元线性回归方法对PBDEs的色谱保留时间(RRT)、正辛醇/空气分配系数(lgKOA)和298K超冷流体蒸气压(lgpL)3种理化性质与分子结构参数进行了关联.结果表明,分子表面静电势参数结合苯环上溴原子取代个数比结合分子体积,可以更好地表达PBDEs的理化性质与其分子结构间的定量关系,所建立的3个QSPR模型的交叉验证相关系数(Rc)分别为0.981 9、0.991 1和0.996 3,标准偏差(SD)分别为0.042 4、0.138 4和0.102 0,说明3个模型均具有较强的稳健性和预测能力,同时也证明了分子静电势参数在PBDE类化合物的QSPR研究中的适用性.     

Treatment of tunnel wash waters - experiments with organic sorbent materials. Part I: Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nonpolar oil

Tunnel wash waters characterize all waters that run off after washing procedures of tunnels are performed. These waters represent a wide spectrum of organic and inorganic pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and toxic metals. Removal of such contaminants from water runoff was investigated using laboratory tests after washing procedure was performed on two road tunnels in eastern Norway (Hanekleiv and Bragernes). Due to diverse character of both, treatment media and treated wash waters, the whole investigation was divided into two separate laboratory experiments. The treatment efficiencies were established based on the levels of concentrations and reductions of the measured contaminants in the effluents released from the tested media. In the first part of the article, the contents of nonpolar oil (NPO), 16 individual PAHs, and total PAHs (∑PAH16) are described. This part revealed that the combination of two organic sorbent materials provided the highest treatment efficiency for wash waters released from the road tunnel and from electrostatic filters. The greatest reduction levels reached 97.6% for NPO, 97.2% for benzo[a]pyrene, and 96.5% for the total PAHs. In the second part of the article, the concentrations and the removal rates of toxic metals are reported     

火电厂除尘技术的发展动态研究

对近几年火电厂燃煤锅炉烟气除尘技术的应用状况及发展动态进行了简要分析总结,为选择适宜除尘技术提供参考。并提出了将电除尘布置在GGH之后,进行低温除尘的建议,由于烟气温度的降低,使烟尘比电阻处于适宜采用电除尘的范围,除尘效率显著提高。这样,利用现有普通电除尘器,不用增加成本,就可以满足烟尘排放要求。     

PACS的结构特征及絮凝性能研究

制备了碱化度及Ａｌ＾３＋／ＳＯ＾２－４摩尔比不同的系列ＰＡＣＳ，分别进行常压（干燥温度１０５℃）及真空干燥（真空度为－０．０９８ＭＰａ、干燥温度６５℃）制备固体产品。用红外光谱及Ｘ－射线衍射谱研究了碱化度、Ａｌ＾３＋／ＳＯ＾２－４摩尔比、干燥温度对ＰＡＣＳ的结构影响，比较了干燥温度不同对ＰＡＣＳ固体样品的溶解度及絮凝效果的影响，借助于显微电泳测定技术研究不同碱化度及不同Ａｌ＾３＋／ＳＯ＾２－４摩尔     

Base-cation deposition in Europe—part II. Acid neutralization capacity and contribution to forest nutrition

An assessment was made of the capacity of base cations to neutralize acid deposition and of the contribution of base cation deposition to forest nutrition in Europe. In large parts of southern Europe more than 50% of the potential acid deposition was found counteracted by deposition of non-sea salt Mg²⁺ + Ca²⁺ + K⁺. In central and northwestern Europe, base cation deposition usually amounted to less than 25% of the acid input. Smallest base cation deposition relative to potential acid deposition was found in southern Scandinavia, Denmark, northern Germany and The Netherlands. A similar spatial pattern was found for the neutralization of acid anions in precipitation. Whereas in Scandinavia weathering is the dominant supplier of base cation to forest soils, in eastern and southern Europe, forests mainly rely on atmospheric deposition for the supply of base cations. Using error propagation, the random and systematic error in acid neutralization capacity for an average grid cell of 10 × 20 km was estimated to equal 45–55% and 50–55%, respectively.