黏土絮凝沉降铜绿微囊藻的动力学及其作用机理

研究了26种天然黏土矿物凝聚沉降铜绿微囊藻的动力学过程在投加量为0.7 g·L^-1时按平衡除藻率和除藻速率将26种黏土分成3类.第1类矿物(滑石、三氧化二铁、海泡石、四氧化三铁、高岭土等)的8 h平衡除藻率大于90%,去除50%藻细胞所需时间t₅₀＜30 min,去除80%藻细胞所需时间t₈₀＜2.5 h第2类黏土(轻质页岩、陶土、凹凸棒、累托土、伊利土等7种)的8 h平衡除藻率为50%～80%,t₅₀＜2.5 h,t80＞5 h.第3类黏土(铁矾土,云母,沸石、浮石、硅藻土、高钾长石和石英等14种)的8 h平衡除藻率低于50%,t₅₀>>8 h.当投加量逐步降低到0.2～0.1 g·L^-1时,25种黏土矿物的8 h平衡除藻率均降到60%以下,只有第1类黏土中的海泡石仍接近90%.与黏土相比,在0.02～0.2 g·L^-1投加量下单独使用聚合氯化铝(PAC)时的8 h平衡除藻率均低于40%.进一步对海泡石进行电性改性后发现,虽然黏土颗粒表面电位的提高(pH 7.4时,Zeta电位由-24.0 mV提高到+0.43 mV)可以显著加快海泡石的除藻速率,但其平衡除藻率并没有显著提高.在分析了本研究中的凝聚机理后提出:架桥网捕作用可能在黏土-藻凝聚过程中发挥了十分关键的作用,增强黏土对藻细胞的架桥网捕作用可能是今后进一步提高除藻效率、大幅度降低投加量的一个重要方向.     

超低排放路线下燃煤烟气可凝结颗粒物在WFGD、WESP中的转化特性

固定污染源可凝结颗粒物在监测时常被忽视,为了减少可凝结颗粒物排放,本文研究了其在烟气净化设施中的转化规律.结果表明,湿法脱硫装置、湿式电除尘装置对可凝结颗粒物的去除有协同作用,烟气中可凝结颗粒物质量浓度均高于可过滤颗粒物,但总颗粒物(可凝结颗粒物和可过滤颗粒物之和)排放量达到超低排放要求.在湿法脱硫进出口处可凝结颗粒物中有机物的质量浓度均超过了无机物的质量浓度,但在湿式电除尘出口处趋近相等.根据可凝结颗粒物无机部分水溶性离子成分及浓度的测试结果,推测可凝结颗粒物捕集过程中会有PM0.3进入,可凝结颗粒物形成过程中会产生酸雾,并且在湿法脱硫、湿式电除尘作用下,酸性加强.本研究发现SO2-4是可凝结颗粒物无机部分主要的特征水溶性离子.     

聚合氯化铝(PACl)混凝絮体的破碎与恢复

通过烧杯实验以及在线粒度监测考察了聚合氯化铝（PACl）混凝所生成絮体的破碎以及随后絮体的恢复情况.结果发现,絮体的破碎以及恢复情况因混凝区域的不同而呈现不同的规律.在稳定区,絮体的强度较大,不易破碎,且破碎后的絮体可进一步增长,其恢复因子高达259%;在电中和混凝区,絮体的强度最小,易于破碎,但破碎后可完全恢复;在再稳区和卷扫混凝区,絮体的强度较大,不易破碎,但破碎后不能完全恢复,其中后者的恢复因子仅为18.6％.再搅拌强度越大,对絮体的破碎及恢复程度的影响越大.对于卷扫混凝,经再搅拌破碎后而得到部分恢复的絮体,相对于未经再搅拌的絮体而言,其絮体层与水体间界面的沉降高度及平均沉降速率均较低,且在絮凝沉降区和区域沉降区,该絮体界面的瞬时沉降速率在同一絮体浓度下均较低,但在压缩沉降区,二者的瞬时沉降速率相同.     

Adsorption of phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions by aminated hypercrosslinked polymers

Two novel polymers （NJ-1 and N J-2） were synthesized by chemically modified a hypercrosslinked polymer NJ-0 with dimethylamine and trimethylamine, respectively. The comparison of the adsorption properties of the three polymers toward phenol, resorcin and phloroglucin was made. The study focused on the static equilibrium adsorption behaviors and the adsorption thermodynamics. Freundlich equation was found to fit the adsorption results well. The effect of amino groups introduced onto the surface of the resin and the structure of phenolic compounds on the adsorption were also studied. The hydrogen-bonding interaction and electrostatic interaction could happen between the amino groups and the adsorbates. The adsorption impetus increased as quantity of hydroxyl groups increased, but the adsorption capacity decreased due to the drop of the matching degree of the aperture of resins and the diameter of adsorbate molecules.     

PACS的结构特征及絮凝性能研究

制备了碱化度及Ａｌ＾３＋／ＳＯ＾２－４摩尔比不同的系列ＰＡＣＳ，分别进行常压（干燥温度１０５℃）及真空干燥（真空度为－０．０９８ＭＰａ、干燥温度６５℃）制备固体产品。用红外光谱及Ｘ－射线衍射谱研究了碱化度、Ａｌ＾３＋／ＳＯ＾２－４摩尔比、干燥温度对ＰＡＣＳ的结构影响，比较了干燥温度不同对ＰＡＣＳ固体样品的溶解度及絮凝效果的影响，借助于显微电泳测定技术研究不同碱化度及不同Ａｌ＾３＋／ＳＯ＾２－４摩尔     

电极-生物膜法处理铜酸洗废水

采用自行设计的反应器,用电极-生物膜法对铜酸洗废水进行了直接处理.结果表明,经过铜离子梯度驯化的反硝化微生物可以适应铜离子的存在并有效完成反硝化过程,在最佳工艺条件(电流密度为0.1mA/cm²,C/N为1.07)时,出水中总无机氮(TN)去除率达到98%以上,铜离子浓度<1mg/L,pH值在7左右,且不存在二次污染.电极-生物膜法可同步高效地实现中和、反硝化及铜离子的去除.验证了通过交换电极回收铜的可行性.     

Treatment of tunnel wash waters - experiments with organic sorbent materials. Part I: Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nonpolar oil

Tunnel wash waters characterize all waters that run off after washing procedures of tunnels are performed. These waters represent a wide spectrum of organic and inorganic pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and toxic metals. Removal of such contaminants from water runoff was investigated using laboratory tests after washing procedure was performed on two road tunnels in eastern Norway (Hanekleiv and Bragernes). Due to diverse character of both, treatment media and treated wash waters, the whole investigation was divided into two separate laboratory experiments. The treatment efficiencies were established based on the levels of concentrations and reductions of the measured contaminants in the effluents released from the tested media. In the first part of the article, the contents of nonpolar oil (NPO), 16 individual PAHs, and total PAHs (∑PAH16) are described. This part revealed that the combination of two organic sorbent materials provided the highest treatment efficiency for wash waters released from the road tunnel and from electrostatic filters. The greatest reduction levels reached 97.6% for NPO, 97.2% for benzo[a]pyrene, and 96.5% for the total PAHs. In the second part of the article, the concentrations and the removal rates of toxic metals are reported     

我国电除尘行业2013年发展综述

综述了2013年我国电除尘行业的发展环境和经营状况;分析了电除尘行业的新技术研发进展及应用情况;简述了行业骨干企业的发展概况;针对行业发展中存在的主要问题提出了解决对策及建议,并对行业的发展进行了展望.     

Influence of oxygen flow rate and compost addition on reduction of organic matter in aerated waste layer containing mainly incineration residue

Landfilling municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) residue alkalizes the waste layer, causing a subsequent decrease in microbial activity and a delay in the decomposition of organic matter. In this study, efficiencies of neutralization of the leachate and organic matter decomposition in the waste layer in a column filled with MSWI residue using aeration and compost addition were evaluated.Total organic carbon (TOC) reduction in the waste layer is large at high oxygen flow rate (OFR). To effectively accelerate TOC reduction in the waste layer to which compost was added, a high OFR exceeding that by natural ventilation was required. At day 65, the pH of the leachate when OFR was above 102mol-O2/(day·m3) was lower than that when OFR was below 101mol-O2/(day·m3). At the same OFR, the pH of waste sample was lower than that of waste sample with compost. Although leachate neutralization could be affected by compost addition, TOC reduction in the waste layer became rather small. It is possible that humic substances in compost prevent the decomposition of TOC in MSWI residue.     

电袋复合式除尘在煤矸石电厂中的应用

通过对目前电厂常用除尘技术进行对比分析,以宁夏宁东煤矸石电厂双电双袋除尘器为例,详细列出其设计参数、运行工况、烟尘排放浓度及除尘效率,分析其除尘效果,得出电袋复合式除尘有机地结合了电除尘和袋式除尘的优点,具有耗电量低、治理成本低、适应性强,不受煤种、烟尘特性影响,除尘效率高的优点;煤质较差的煤矸石电厂采用电袋复合式除尘技术烟尘排放浓度可稳定达到50 mg/m3的标准,满足GB 13223—2003《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》要求;但要达到GB 13223—2011《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》烟尘排放浓度低于30 mg/m3的标准,则应进一步优化运行方式,加强设备的管理维护,进一步提高净化效率,方可满足日益严格的环保要求。