转炉煤气电除尘器气流分布数值模拟

电除尘器电场进出口气流分布的均匀性是影响电除尘器除尘效率的重要因素。基于计算流体力学(CFD)技术,采用fluent软件平台,通过对方形和圆筒形两种外形转炉煤气用电除尘器的气流分布进行数值模拟计算,比较了两种外形电除尘器的气流分布差异,说明了圆筒形电除尘器较方形电除尘器气流分布状态的优越性。     

高温烟气中颗粒静电脱除特性的实验研究

研究温度90~450℃条件下静电除尘器的放电特性及除尘特性,分析温度、工作电压、烟气流速及颗粒浓度等关键参数对于颗粒静电脱除效率的影响.结果表明,当温度从90℃上升至450℃,在比收尘面积为46.5m²/(m³·s^-1),粉尘初始浓度约为750mg/Nm³的工况下,颗粒脱除效率均可达到98%以上.随着电压升高,除尘效率不断提高,但其升高趋势逐渐变缓.在相同电压下,随着温度的上升,电晕电流显著增大,强化颗粒荷电,颗粒的脱除效率提高;而在相同电流下,高温下较低的空间场强使得颗粒的驱进速度减小,导致颗粒脱除效率下降.烟气流速提高降低了颗粒的脱除效率,PM_1.0受烟气流速的影响较PM₁₀更为明显.颗粒初始浓度的上升增强了颗粒的碰撞及团聚作用,在一定程度上有利于增强颗粒的脱除效果.     

泛比电阻电除尘器伏安特性的理论及实验研究

粉尘比电阻是影响电除尘器收尘效率的一个重要因素,为扩展电除尘器对粉尘比电阻的适应范围,提高对泛比电阻粉尘的收尘效率,提出一种具有辅助电极和交错平板收尘极的新型电除尘器,并对其伏安特性进行了研究。结果表明,泛比电阻电除尘器的收尘场强比普通的线-板式电除尘器高,而且更均匀,辅助电极对电晕电流具有明显的抑制作用。     

电除尘器提效节能除尘效率公式的研究

依据理论驱进速度和我国电除尘器(EP)的运行现状,以及提效节能型高压供电设备的开发成功与推广,分析研究了反映高压供电提效节能智能优化控制特性的EP除尘效率公式。公式指出,有效驱进速度和EP除尘效率与提效节能工作方式下的二次电压峰值及最小值成正比,与火花整定工作方式下的二次电压峰值及最小值之比成正比。该公式可为EP高压供电等设备的优化研究开发和提效节能运行提供参考依据。     

钢渣对酸性含Ni(Ⅱ)废水的吸附-中和作用

以碱性钢渣为水处理材料,研究了其吸附、中和酸性含Ni(Ⅱ)废水的工艺过程和机理。结果表明:在钢渣粒度小于2 mm、用量10 g/L、温度25℃、搅拌强度100 r/min条件下钢渣与Ni(Ⅱ)浓度200 mg/L、pH值4.8的废水反应8 min,可使废水中Ni(Ⅱ)浓度降低到0.25 mg/L,pH值升高到7.2,达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》的要求。钢渣对酸性废水中Ni(Ⅱ)的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附式,其饱和吸附量达37 mg/g,反应包括钢渣中碱性物质的水解、Ni(Ⅱ)生成Ni(OH)2沉淀、生成的Ni(OH)2沉淀吸附于钢渣表面等几个过程。X射线衍射分析证明钢渣表面吸附了Ni(OH)2沉淀物。     

纵横复合收尘极板电除尘器除尘性能研究

常规电除尘器体积大,成本高,限制了其应用.本文提出了一种新型电除尘器--纵横复合收尘极板电除尘器.通试验,比较了纵横复合收尘极板电除尘器和常规电除尘器的一些影响因素,即极板电流密度的大小和均匀性,流场分布均匀性,不同电压和不同电场风速下的除尘效率等.试验结果表明,在相同条件下,纵横复合收尘极板电除尘器的极板电流密度及流场分布更均匀,除尘效率明显高于常规电除尘器.本研究对减小电除尘器体积、降低电除尘器成本和推进电除尘技术的发展有较大的现实意义.     

Voltammetric study on the interaction of the heavy metals Cd(II) and Mn(II) with transfer‐RNA,DNA and other polynucleotides

Small amounts of bivalent cations, usually provided by Mg²⁺, are in the living cell necessary for the biological activity of t‐RNA as these bivalent cations influence the tertiary and secondary structure of this globular polynucleotide.

In context with the discussed possibility of carcinogenic actions of ingested Cd it is of particular interest to check whether there exist specific strong interactions of this toxic heavy metal with nucleic acids.

Therefore, the binding of the toxic heavy metal ion Cd²⁺ and the essential heavy metal ion Mn²⁺ to t‐RNA and for comparison to DNA and the polynucleotides poly‐U, poly‐A and poly‐A‐poly‐U has been studied. Free metal ion concentrations have been determined by differential pulse polararography. Association constants and the number of binding sites have been evaluated by the Scatchard method and alternatively according to a simple electrostatic model of the polyelectrolytes. With the Scatchard method for t‐RNA and all polynucleotides with helical structure two different binding sites of different strength are observed. Those with higher association constants are assigned to the helical parts of t‐RNA. Interaction sites with low association constants correspond to the parts with no ordered tertiary structure, as their exclusive occurrence for poly‐U, having a completely stochastic coil structure, reflects. The values of the association constants for the stronger and weaker association sites are in the respective polynucleotides for both investigated bivalent metal ions of comparable magnitude. This emphasizes that the interaction is essentially of electrostatic nature and depends primarily on the charge of the interacting species.

Thus the specific strong interaction of Cd by the intercalation into the tertiary structure of nucleic acids or by chelation of their base units can be ruled out as one possibility for carcinogenity of Cd.

Moreover, under physiological conditions the high excess of competitive Mg²⁺ will suppress the interaction of Cd based on electrostatic forces.     

静电过滤除尘机组性能的现场测试

JDPL型静电过滤除尘机组是我们根据多年来的理论及实验研究成果而设计的。其在实际运行中的测试结果表明,该机组较普通机组效率提高,阻力降低,清灰效果好。     

电除尘器对烧结灰除尘性能影响的试验研究

在电场断面面积为0.3 m 2(600m× 500 m)的电除尘器(ESP)实验系统上,采用正交试验法,确定电晕线型式、含尘浓度、电压值和风量(电场风速)4个试验因子,总除尘效率为指标值,进行电除尘器对烧结灰除尘性能的试验研究.研究结果表明,当气流含尘浓度从15g/m3提高到25g/m3时,ESP的总除尘效率η从96.87%降至87.55%;当电源电压值由85 kV增至96 kV后,ESP的总除尘效率从98.16%降至87.55%;当ESP的电场风速由0.62 m/s增至0.79 m/s,总除尘效率由96.87%降至92.46%;星型线ESP的除尘效率相对较低;尖端放电可改善ESP用于高比电阻粉尘时的操作性能,芒刺线、锯齿线ESP的除尘效率分别高达99.46%和99.55%.     

离子强度对吸附影响机理的研究进展

本文介绍了水溶液中离子或分子的水合、吸附剂表面的双电层模型以及内层与外层表面络合物,在此基础上讨论了离子强度对吸附的影响.一般来说,溶液的离子强度增大时,吸附质与吸附剂之间的静电作用减弱,疏水作用增强,络合作用变化不大.电解质离子能通过与吸附质离子产生离子交换竞争、对吸附质产生盐析或盐溶效应、改变溶液中大分子吸附质分子的大小、与吸附质离子形成离子对等方式影响吸附。