雾化电晕净化烹调油烟技术

对雾化电晕放电极雾化过程、荷电液滴的捕集原理、自清洗作用进行探讨,在相同电压下雾化负电晕放电电流高于干式负电晕放电电流,极间大量荷电液滴具有很高的荷质比,并高速向极板驱进,对烟尘具有静电凝并和动力凝并除尘作用,具有高效净化油烟、自清洗极板的功能,此项净化烹调油烟的新技术,优于传统油烟净化技术,具有很好的应用价值和前景。     

电除尘技术研究现状及趋势

详细介绍了电除尘技术研究现状、现存问题及其发展趋势.论述了烟尘荷电凝聚机制及其输运特性等,以便解决除尘电场中的电离占空比、输运项甚低等问题;又着重研究了烟尘的荷电、凝聚的物理过程,将有助于解决电除尘器存在的捕集微细烟尘效率低的问题.     

粉煤灰处理煤矿酸性废水的研究

采用石灰石中和沉淀，粉煤灰吸附处理煤矿酸性废水，取得了良好的效果。用石灰石调节pH至4.5，再用石灰中和至中性，并用粉煤灰吸附，粉煤灰用量为10g／L时处理效果较好。     

浅论铝盐的水解和吸附电中和过程中被凝聚物浓度的影响

通过对凝聚机理和铝盐在水中水解过程的分析，提出了铝盐水解物吸附起胶本电和中和数学模式，论述了被凝聚物浓度对铝盐水解过程的影响，在实际的凝集过程中，铝盐的水解和向胶体表面的吸附是同时进行的，部分铝盐在完成水解之前就以中间产物的形态吸附于胶体表面，胶体溶液的浓度愈高，这种倾向就愈强，由于较低水解度的物种具有较高的单位电位浓度，它们能显示较强的电中和能力，因此，随着胶体溶液浓度增高，达到最佳凝聚ζ电位所     

袋式除尘器的静电灾害及其预防

袋式除尘器的静电现象和静电灾害往往为人们所忽视，而灾害的危害性又可能很大。为此，本文从理论上分析了袋式除尘器静电灾害的成因和过程，提出了预防静电灾害的具体措施，以便防患于未然，保证袋式除尘器的正常运行     

水泥厂机立窑用电除尘器研究

针对水泥厂机械立窑烟气特征 ,从理论上分析了烟气温度与含湿量对电除尘器电场伏安特性的影响。为了防止电除尘器板极腐蚀 ,对极板表面涂刷具有防腐、憎污功能的导电涂料 ,就涂层对电场伏安特性和对尘层放电性能的影响机理进行了系统研究。专门为机械立窑烟气治理设计的静电除尘器 ,具有特殊的电场结构形式与阴极悬挂装置 ,极板涂层改善了极板耐腐蚀性能与清灰效果 ,突破了一直困扰应用静电除尘器治理水泥厂机械立窑烟气的几项技术难题     

桂林市酸雨污染特征及防治对策研究

为促进桂林市酸雨污染防控,利用2013—2017年桂林市3个监测站点采集的共1 147个降雨样品,分析了降雨pH、电导率和水溶性离子成分,结合气态污染物的变化特征和气象因素影响分析,探讨了桂林市酸雨污染成因,并提出了桂林市酸雨污染防治对策建议.结果表明:①2013—2017年桂林市降雨的pH年均值范围为4.85~5.23.酸雨频率范围为42.5%~74.9%,2017年酸雨频率达74.9%.虽然近年来桂林市环境空气质量明显改善,但是酸雨污染却没有明显减轻,反而在2015年后出现恶化.降雨的离子组成中,SO₄2-和NO₃-是主要的阴离子成分,分别占总离子当量浓度的28.19%和10.82%;Ca2+和NH₄+是主要的阳离子成分,分别占总离子当量浓度的23.46%和17.64%.酸中和效应分析显示,Ca2+和NH₄+为降雨中主要的中和物质.②降雨中碱性离子当量浓度的降幅比酸性离子当量浓度的降幅大,这是导致桂林市近年酸雨恶化的重要因素;此外,来自西部和东南部方向的气流对应了较高的降雨酸度和总离子当量浓度,因此污染物的远距离传输对降雨酸度和离子当量浓度也有一定影响.研究显示,桂林市SO₂和NO_x排放的持续管控将有利于酸雨污染防治,但桂林市目前实施的削减大气粗颗粒物和NH₃排放的大气污染控制策略对于降雨酸度的影响还需要开展进一步评估.      

液滴荷电雾化湿式电除尘器颗粒捕集特性研究

为研究液滴荷电雾化作用下静电场中粉尘颗粒的捕集特性,设计并搭建了线板式湿式电除尘装置,通过实验获得了电场强度、停留时间、粉尘浓度和液滴流量等参数对捕集效率的影响规律.结果表明,施加雾化荷电液滴后各粒径段颗粒的分级穿透率均低于干式电除尘器,随着电场强度增加至3.5kV/cm,分级穿透率降幅逐渐增大,出口浓度降幅达到最大值,PM_0.5、PM₁和PM_2.5分别降低了28.7%、28.0%和27.1%,高于3.5kV/cm后降幅逐渐减小.相同电场强度下,捕集效率随停留时间的增加而增大,电场强度为4kV/cm时,停留时间由2.14s增大至4.04s,PM_0.5、PM₁和PM_2.5的分级穿透率分别降低了50.2%、49.3%和48.5%.随着粉尘浓度的增加,颗粒碰撞和凝并作用提高,捕集效率逐渐增大,当空间电荷密度难以满足颗粒充分荷电后,继续增大粉尘浓度将导致捕集效率降低.液滴流量的增大能够促进颗粒荷电与凝并,有利于提高捕集效率.与传统湿式电除尘器相比,采用液滴荷电雾化能够明显降低耗水量,且保持较高的颗粒捕集效率.     

Measurement of minimum ignition energies (MIEs) of dust clouds – History,present, future

Nearly 130 years ago Holtzwart and von Meyer (1891) demonstrated by experiments that explosible dust clouds could be ignited by inductive electric sparks. Then more than half a century passed before the publication of the important quantitative research of Boyle and Llewellyn (1950) and Line et al. (1959). They worked with capacitive electric sparks and found that the minimum capacitor energies ½CU² required for ignition of various dust clouds in air decreased substantially when a large series resistance, in the range 10⁴–10⁷ Ω, was introduced in the discharge circuit. When considering that the net energies of the sparks themselves were only of the order of 10% of the ½CU² discharged, the minimum net spark energies required for ignition with a large series resistance were only a few per cent of the net energies required without such a resistance.Line et al. observed that the essential effect of increasing the series resistance, and hence increasing the discharge time of the sparks, was to reduce the disturbance of the dust cloud by the blast wave from the spark. This phenomenon was explored further by Eckhoff (1970, 2017), and subsequently by some simple experiments by Eckhoff and Enstad (1976). Franke (1974, 1977) and Laar (1980) confirmed the additional finding of Line et al. (1959) that the minimum ½CU² for ignition is also substantially reduced by including a series inductance in the discharge circuit, rather than a series resistance. The basic reason is the same as with a large series resistance, viz. increased spark discharge time and hence decreased disturbance of the dust cloud by blast wave from the spark. For this reason inclusion of an appreciable series inductance in the spark discharge circuit is an essential element in current standard MIE test methods.In experiments with spark ignition of transient dust clouds produced by a blast of air in a closed vessel, it is necessary to synchronize the occurrence of the spark with the formation of the dust cloud. The precision required from this type of synchronization is typically of the order of 10 ms, which can be obtained even by mechanical arrangements, such as rapid change of spark gap length, or of the distance between two capacitor plates. The present paper reviews some methods that have been/are being used for achieving adequate synchronization of dust cloud appearance and spark discharge. Some current standard experimental methods for determining MIEs of dust clouds experimentally have also been reviewed. The same applies to some theories of electric-spark ignition of dust clouds.At the end of paper some suggestions for possible future modifications of current standard methods for measuring MIEs of explosible dust clouds are presented. With regard to justifying significant modifications of existing standard methods, the “bottom line” is, as quite often in many connections, that any modifications should be based on realistic cost/benefit evaluations.     

湿式电除尘器净化垃圾气化发电燃气的实验研究

垃圾气化发电作为垃圾焚烧发电的替代性处理技术,燃气的净化对其后续的安全使用至关重要。研究了极配型式为鱼骨针线配480C型板时,湿式电除尘器处理垃圾气化燃气的可行性,以及碱性水雾对电晕放电的影响,并进行了酸性气体脱除实验。结果表明:在相同实验条件下,电除尘器内部的燃气介质能够产生稳定的电晕放电;喷淋系统中添加低浓度碱液后降低了起晕电压和火花放电电压,但是下降幅度不大;添加Na OH的水雾能够有效脱除燃气中的HCl和H2S两种酸性杂质,酸性气体综合去除率大于95%。