硫粉投加量与污泥含固率之比对生物淋滤过程的影响

通过接种污泥硫细菌混合菌液,研究了S粉投加量与污泥含固率之比(SA/TS)对城市污泥中重金属生物淋滤效果的影响.结果表明,增大SA/TS值能显著缩短淋滤时间,提高淋滤效果.当SA/TS为2.5,经过8 d生物淋滤,Cu和Zn的淋滤效果可达到最佳,溶出率分别为66.2%和63.9%.淋滤进行16 d后,Pb的溶出率为30.8%.对于Cu,不论淋滤前后有机态都是较强的结合态.Zn的溶出主要是由于结合能力强的铁锰氧化态在淋滤过程中被大量浸出.Pb经过16 d的淋滤,铁锰氧化态所占比例有所下降而有机态比例上升.加大SA/TS有利于提高S粉的利用率,对N的保存影响不大,但增加了P的流失.     

飞行器防空间静电放电设计和试验技术

结合某飞行器的特点,以及产品在轨飞行期间遭遇的空间静电放电(SESD)环境,研究了在没有可借鉴的条件下,如何通过分析提出大型天线及本体的空间静电放电防护设计目标,根据产品实际情况设计了分段实施的措施,运用等效理念设计了试验子样和测试方案,策划了设计元器件、原材料、天线系统、飞行器等不同层面的试验验证技术和方法.     

聚酯粉末涂料在湿热环境的自然老化与 氙灯老化的相关性研究

目的考查聚酯粉末涂料的自然和人工老化的相关性。方法在琼海湿热气候环境开展NH3307、NH5307、NH9307系列的三种聚酯粉末涂料的自然暴露试验,通过开展4种氙灯加速老化试验,比较自然和加速老化的相关性,选出最适合模拟湿热环境的氙灯加速老化方法。基于涂料的保光率,对模拟湿热环境的氙灯加速老化试验方法及自然湿热环境(琼海)的加速性进行探讨。结果经过24个月的自然老化后,NH3307和NH5307涂料的保光率下降到初始性能的50%左右,NH9307涂料下降到70%左右。氙灯加速老化方法 2对3种涂料加速因子分别为17.62、12.44和10.36。结论 NH9307涂料具有最好的耐候性。氙灯加速老化试验方法 2能够较好地模拟涂料在湿热环境中的老化过程。     

Adsorption of single and mixed haloacetonitriles on silica-based porous materials: Mechanisms and effects of porous structures

Adsorption mechanisms and the role of different porous and crystalline structures on the removal of five haloacetonitriles (HANs) over hexagonal mesoporous silica (HMS), titanium substituted mesoporous silica (Ti-HMS), rod-shaped SBA-15 and microporous zeolite NaY were investigated. In addition, the effect of pH on adsorption mechanism and selective adsorption of five HANs individually and in an equimolar mixed solution were evaluated. The results indicated that the intraparticle diffusion rate constants of the mesoporous adsorbents were higher than that of the microporous NaY. In single solute, the order of adsorption preference (highest to lowest) was mono-HANs?>?di-HANs?>?tri-HAN. However, in mixed solute, the large molecular weight of the tri-HAN and di-HANs are more easily adsorbed than the smaller molecular weight mono-HANs. Except for SBA-15, the order of adsorption capacities in mixed HANs solute was not different compared to that observed for the single HAN solute, which might be caused by the higher accessibility to the active sites due to larger pore size. The ion-dipole electrostatic interaction was likely to be the main adsorption mechanism, and was favored at high pH values due to the high negative surface charge density of the adsorbent. The molecular structure of the HANs and hydrophilic/hydrophobic nature affected the adsorption capacities and their selective adsorption from mixed solutes.     

铝粉尘云燃烧火焰形态分析实验研究

为探索铝粉尘云燃烧火焰形态和灾变演化,基于改造的竖直开口实验管道,借助高速摄像仪和离子探针,研究火焰结构及变化,分析粒径因素对铝粉火焰前锋形态的影响.实验结果表明:铝粉燃烧能量的释放和空间束缚使燃烧转为爆燃,火焰前锋下方存在大片的燃烧反应区;铝粉粒径越小,颗粒氧化层破裂需要的热应力越小,越容易被点燃;随着铝粉粒径减小,...