Behaviour of Chemical Elements in Plants and Soils

Neutron activation analysis was used for the determination of the elemental composition of different plants and soils. Variations in concentrations of elements during the day were found. Mean concentrations, standard deviations and relationships between elements in soils and different parts of plants were studied. It was shown that the behaviour of chemical elements in samples from urban and unpolluted areas have significant differences.     

Formulation of cleanup standards for trace elements with probability plots

Probability plots of trace element concentrations may be used to partition, or segregate, sample data into its constituent populations. Two populations are typically present in data from sites requiring remedial action, one representing clean, uncontaminated soil or sediment (background) and the other representing contaminated ground. The use of such plots in the analysis and evaluation of environmental data permits a statistical characterization of the background populations, from which defensible cleanup criteria may be developed. These criteria will be environmentally conservative, yet will minimize the amount of soil removed in a remedial action. An example is given from a successful cleanup of a surface impoundment.     

北京西北郊降尘和降雨中稀土元素的浓度分布和来源的初步分析

应用ICP－MS测定了从1998年10月至1999年9月共12个月的北京西北郊降尘中稀土元素的浓度，同时测定了从1999年4月至6月间8次降雨中的稀土元素的浓度，对降尘和降雨中稀土元素的分布模式进行了初步分析，结果表明降尘和降雨中稀土元素的分布与我国土壤稀土元素的分布模式基本一致，说明降尘和降雨中的稀土元素主要来源于地表土壤。     

稀土元素对于减小电镀废液污染与提高钻头安全使用系数的作用研究

通过在生产电镀金刚石钻头的镀液中添加适当比例的稀土元素，可以促进毒性大，对环境污染严重的重金属离子的沉积，可以减小镀液浓度，控制污染总量，可以有效地提高电镀速度和电流效率，通过稀土元素在电镀钻头，热压钻头胎体中与其它有害物质的相互作用，改善了胎体性能，提高了钻头使用过程中的安全系数。     

Time series analysis of elemental and isotopic data from biomineralized whale tissue

A temporal record of environmental conditions is often contained within accretionary biological tissue. These records can provide knowledge of the environmental conditions that existed at the time the tissue was formed. In this study, we look at trace element concentrations and isotopic ratios of carbon and nitrogen as contained in baleen from bowhead whales in the eastern and western Arctic Ocean. Time series techniques, including maximum likelihood method and likelihood ratio tests, are applied to analysis of data and inference about their mean structures.     

川西前陆盆地流体的跨层流动

本文讨论了川西前陆盆地气田区上三叠统和侏罗系地层水K+ +Na+ 、Ca2 + 、Mg2 + 、Br-与Cl-离子、矿物 (胶结物和充填物 )碳氧同位素和水的氢氧同位素成分组成以及相互关系。气田区上三叠统流体来源以地层海陆相沉积物质为主 ,并与渗流水混合 ,形成“下部流体”。有气藏的侏罗系内流体 (称“上部流体”)与“下部流体”的水化学和同位素组成相近 ,且具有同一演化趋势 ,表明它来源于下部流体并与侏罗系层内的渗流水发生过混合作用。本文提出该气田流体具跨层流动、二次混合演化特征 ,认为大规模的流体对流混合促进了上三叠统内天然气的运移聚积 ,在三叠系内有利构造圈闭中形成原生或残留气藏并向上运移 ,在侏罗系内有利圈闭中形成“次生”气藏。     

Interactions of copper,cadmium and molybdenum in buffalo calves:the levels of trace element in blood,urine and tissues

Ten male buffalo calves were randomly allotted into five groups of two each. Four groups were fed with cadmium, molybdenum, cadmium-molybdenum, and copper-cadmium-molybdenum respectively for 130 days to determine the elements' metabolic interactions in calves. These results indicated that cadmium and molybdenum could increase the accumulation of molybdenum and cadmium in liver and kidneys in buffalo calves, but copper could not. reduce to normal the levels of molybdenum and cadmium in liver and kidneys caused by cadmium-molybdenum. In addition, we found the copper concentrations in liver and kindeys was significantly greater in treatment calves than in controls.     

煤矸石中有害微量元素的静态淋溶试验研究

在煤矸石的静态淋溶试验的基础上。研究了7-种有害微量元素的淋溶特性，分析了微量元素析出的影响因素。结果表明，淋溶液最终pH呈弱碱性：元素溶出浓度与淋溶时间，淋溶温度，煤矸石粒径，淋溶液pH值以及元素在煤矸石中的含量，赋存状态、本身性质有密切关系。     

富里酸对小麦植株积累稀土元素的影响

从我国东北黑土中提取和纯化富里酸。采用水培方法研究了富里酸对小麦植株生物积累稀土元素（La^3 ，Ce^3 ,Sm^3 ,Gd^3 ,Y^3 )的影响。结果表明，在所试验的多种浓度中，当富里酸浓度低于0.26mg(C)/L时，小麦积累稀土元素受到促进；而当富里酸浓度大于0.65mg(C)/L时，稀土元素在小麦植株中的积累受到抑制；富里酸对小麦积累稀土“高抑低促”的分界浓度介于0.26——0.65mg(C)/L之间。生长动态实验表明，小麦在含有2.0mg/L稀土和两种浓度（0.13和1.30mg(C)/L)的富里酸的营养液中生长，根部对稀土的积累呈线性增长规律（相关系数大于0.86)，茎叶部对稀土的积累无线性增长规律，小麦根部对稀土的积累远高于茎叶部，同样观察到富里酸对小麦积累稀土存在“高抑低促”的生物效应。     

Rare earth elements distribution in seawater and suspended particulate of the Central Mediterranean Sea

Rare earth element (REE) content in suspended and dissolved phases from the Strait of Sicily (Central Mediterranean Sea) has been measured. Vertical profiles of several dissolved REEs along the water column reflect the 3-D oceanographic features of the studied area and identifies the different water masses present there. Shale-normalized REE distribution patterns and derived parameters calculated for the suspended particulate show different atmospheric dust-surface inputs and their interactions with seawater. Finally, combined information from [La/Yb]_N, ratios, REE/La ratios and Eu anomalies measured in the suspended particulate suggest an important contribution of volcanic materials from the Etna volcano and Saharan dust to the lithogenic fraction of the suspended particulate.