MAP法与沸石吸附组合工艺的脱氮除磷实验研究

以高浓度氮磷模拟废水为处理对象,通过静态实验研究了MAP法（磷酸铵镁法）与沸石吸附组合工艺的脱氮除磷效果。以MAP法除磷脱氮后的出水作为沸石吸附过程的进水,最终出水的氮、磷去除率可达86．69％和99．9％,且在MAP反应过程中采取较高的pH值和Mg^2＋浓度有利于后期沸石对氮、磷的吸附去除。     

Community analysis of ammonia and nitrite oxidizers in start-up of aerobic granular sludge reactor

A lab-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was setup and the aerobic granular sludge was successfully incubated by using anaerobic granular sludge as seed sludge. Nitrogen was partially removed by simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) via nitrite with free ammonia (FA) of about 10 mg/L. The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) method was used to investigate community structure of α-Proteobacteria, β-Proteobacteria, ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and Nitrospira populations during start-up. The population sizes of bacteria, AOB and Nitrospira were examined using real-time PCR method. The analysis of community structure and Shannon index showed that stable structure of AOB population was obtained at the day 35, while the communities of α-Proteobacteria, β-Proteobacteria, and Nitrospira became stable after day 45. At stable stage, the average cell densities were 1.1×1012, 2.2×1010 and 1.0×1010 cells/L for bacteria, AOB and Nitrospira, respectively. The relationship between characteristics of nitrifying bacteria community and nitrogenous substrate utilization constant was discussed by calculating Pearson correlation. Certain correlation seemed to exist between population size, biodiversity, and degradation constant. And the influence of population size might be greater than that of biodiversity.     

Comparison of membrane fouling during short-term filtration of aerobic granular sludge and activated sludge

Aerobic granular sludge was cultivated adopting internal-circulate sequencing batch airlift reactor.The contradistinctive experiment about short-term membrane fouling between aerobic granular sludge system and activated sludge system were investigated.The membrane foulants was also characterized by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy technique.The results showed that the aerobic granular sludge had excellent denitrification ability;the removal efficiency of TN could reach 90%.The aerobic granular sludge could alleviate membrane fouling effectively.The steady membrane flux of aerobic granular sludge was twice as much as that of activated sludge system.In addition,it was found that the aerobic granular sludge could result in severe membrane pore-blocking, however,the activated sludge could cause severe cake fouling.The major components of the foulants were identified as comprising of proteins and polysaccharide materials.     

投加填料对微生物群落结构的影响及对水质的变化研究

通过向传统活性污泥处理系统中投加悬浮填料形成了MBBR工艺,该工艺实现了悬浮生长的活性污泥法和附着生长的生物膜法的优点叠加,是污水处理厂的一种廉价?高效的提标改造方式.对西安市第四污水处理厂改造前后不同季节处理生活污水的效果进行了对比研究,以及对提标前后污水处理工艺中脱氮相关菌群结构的变化进行了分析,结果表明:提标改造...     

农田土壤N2O产生的关键微生物过程及减排措施

氧化亚氮(N2O)作为一种重要的温室气体,其全球排放总量仍然在持续上升.它不仅可以产生温室效应,还可以间接破坏臭氧层,使其在全球气候变化和生态环境变化研究中备受关注.土壤生态系统是大气中N2O的最重要排放源.本文详细论述了农田土壤中反硝化作用、硝化作用、硝化微生物的反硝化作用以及硝酸盐异化还原成铵作用等过程产生N2O的微生物学机制,并从土壤理化性质(土壤pH、氮素、有机质、土壤温度和湿度)和土壤生物等方面对农田土壤N2O排放的影响进行综述,在此基础上对农田土壤N2O的减排措施进行总结,并就今后农田土壤N2O排放的研究重点和方向进行了展望,为调控农田土壤温室气体排放、氮转化过程和提高氮素利用效率提供科学依据.     

多孔钛板负载Pd-Cu阴极电催化还原饮用水中硝酸盐的研究

研究了以多孔钛板负载钯-铜(4∶1)合金作为阴极,通过电催化还原脱除饮用水中硝酸盐氮的效果和主要影响因素.试验表明,电催化反硝化的主要产物为氮气,钯-铜合金的电催化活性可达到16.69 mg/(g·h)、选择性可达96.9%.在低硝酸盐氮浓度下,电催化反硝化反应符合表观一级反应动力学,高浓度时符合零级反应动力学.当槽压低于1.5V或电流强度小于5mA时,阴极几乎不会发生硝酸盐氮的还原反应;而当槽压大于4.2V时或电流强度大于30mA时,阴极生成氨氮的副反应显著增加.中性条件下电催化反硝化的活性和选择性都能达到较好的效果,酸性条件下反应活性增加但选择性降低.溶液中的传质对反硝化没有显著影响.溶液中存在的其它阴离子对反硝化不利,不同阴离子对反硝化反应的影响次序为ClO₄^-3^--.     

悬浮填料对干旱寒冷地区A2/O工艺脱氮过程强化研究

采用投加悬浮填料方法和高通量测序技术研究新疆干旱寒冷地区污水处理厂的硝化、反硝化速率及生物膜菌群.结果表明,环境温度与水温具有良好的相关性;悬浮填料对氨氮和NO3--N均有降解作用,平均去除率分别为75.72％和81.42％;悬浮填料填充率在20％ ～30％、曝气量在6.0 m3/h～6.5 m3/h时,总氮平均去除率...     

SBBR工艺反硝化过程中N_2O和NO的产生情况

利用序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR),以葡萄糖为碳源(COD为500 mg/L),考察了不同碳氮比(COD与TN之比)、不同电子受体(NO_2~-或NO_3~-)、不同投加方式(碳源与氮源同步投加或投加碳源60 min后再投加氮源的异步投加)对N_2O产生情况的影响,以及碳氮比为2时NO的产生情况。实验结果表明:不论同步投加还是异步投加,两种电子受体的N_2O-N生成率均随着碳氮比的增大而下降;不同碳氮比下,投加NO2-时的N_2O-N生成率均高于投加NO3-时,异步投加时的N_2O-N生成率均大于同步投加时。说明低碳氮比、高浓度NO2-和胞内贮存物作碳源是反硝化过程中N_2O产生和大量积累的关键因素。此外,NO2-为电子受体时的NO-N生成率高于NO3-为电子受体时。     

可降解聚合物PCL、PBS在低有机污染水中固相反硝化脱氮效果比较

为了解决低有机污染高氮素水中由于低碳氮比而造成的后续脱氮问题,通过设反应填充床,外加固相碳源,对比了2种可降解聚合物PBS和PCL的反硝化效果。结果表明,(1)在进水TN质量浓度维持在14.33～18.31 mg.L-1,HRT为15.6 min时,PBS填充床平均TN去除率为94.93%,高于PCL填充床。(2)PBS填充床平均反硝化速率为13.55 mg.L-1.h-1(以N计),高于PCL填充床的9.07 mg.L-1.h-(1以N计)。(3)PBS填充床NO3-N、NO2-N、NH3-N的出水质量浓度分别维持在0.37～0.87、0～0.20、0.01～0.07 mg.L-1,优于PCL填充床。(4)PBS和PCL颗粒表面附着的微生物以杆菌为主,伴有少量的弧菌。该研究为日后新型固相碳源的开发提供了科学依据。     

硝化反硝化过程中N_2O释放影响因素

结合N2O的产生机理,分析温度、含水率、NO2--N和底物质量浓度、pH和碱度、O2以及基质等因素对N2O释放的影响,试图探讨不同因素对N2O释放的影响规律,以期对生化过程中N2O的控制提供理论和技术支持。N2O的释放是温度、含水率、C/N、O2浓度、反应底物质量浓度、基质以及传输过程交互作用的结果。含水率、C/N、基质及温度等可通过不同途径影响溶解氧的质量浓度而影响N2O释放量;pH、NO2--N、NH3-N及温度等通过影响硝化、反硝化细菌的活性或对各阶段酶的抑制作用而影响N2O释放;土壤利用类型、植被种类、污水脱氮过程各参数等,会间接影响硝化和反硝化过程从而影响N2O的释放。