轨道交通应急管理系统体系框架及应用研究

轨道交通应急管理系统是提高轨道交通突发事件应急响应能力、加强行车安全保障的重要手段。笔者概述轨道交通应急管理系统的体系框架,并介绍其组织结构、工作模式及工作流程;提出轨道交通应急管理信息系统的总体结构,并对其系统功能即应急指挥综合查询、预案管理、联动指挥、突发事件评估、辅助决策与应急通信等进行了详细分析;给出了应急管理系统在沪宁线铁路上的应用实例及其效果。     

Selection of (bio) indicators to assess effects of freshwater use in wetlands: a case study of s’Albufera de Mallorca, Spain

Parc Natural sAlbufera de Mallorca is an internationally recognised resting area for a wide array of migratory birds, and like most wetlands it has many other ecological functions and socio-economic values. In the catchment, in which the wetland is situated, expanding tourism and intensification of agriculture place much pressure on a limited amount of freshwater. The freshwater supply to the wetland decreased due to water-extraction mainly driven by intensification of agriculture in the catchment. As a result saltwater intrusion increased since 1983–1985. This had considerable impacts on the ecological integrity of the wetland as reflected by changes in the state of the aquatic ecosystem. The distribution of submerged plants, less tolerant of salinity, declined or disappeared, while the distribution of species, known to prefer high salinity increased. As a contribution to the development of monitoring programs and management strategies that address both socio-economic and natural water demand, this article will formulate ecological criteria to assess the natural water demand by selection of (bio)indicators within the aquatic ecosystem.     

富营养化水体细菌去除氮磷能力研究

微生物既是营养物质的分解者,又是生产者。研究浮游细菌和根际细菌在植物+微生物复合水生态系统中的作用机理及影响因素,对合理选择和使用水体净化的水生高等植物具有重要意义。实验以常见水生漂浮植物荇菜为实验材料,设计总磷(TP)和总氮(TN)两个浓度梯度,每个梯度各设5个浓度,研究水体氮磷营养物质浓度和细菌数量的变化。浮游细菌和根际细菌总数的变化以及它们与TN、TP去除率之间的相关性分析表明,无论在总磷或总氮浓度梯度中,浮游细菌、根际细菌总数的增量基本都与TN去除率呈正相关性,而与TP去除率的相关性不大明显,浮游细菌的总数是在第7天达到最大值。在植物+微生物系统去除氮、磷过程中,对氮的去除以细菌为主,包括浮游细菌和根际细菌;对磷的去除则以植物吸收为主,根际磷细菌也起了一定的作用。因此,在一些富营养化水体,尤其是氮浓度较高的富营养化水体,荇菜是一种较好的水体净化植物。     

不同净水工艺对乙醛的控制效果研究

在实验室条件下研究了传统水处理工艺和粉末活性炭吸附、吹脱及臭氧氧化等几种常见应急净水技术对乙醛的处理效果,发现其对水中乙醛的控制效果不佳;活性炭对乙醛吸附效果不佳,导致滤池穿透时间极短,新炭也仅为10 h左右,不足以应对乙醛污染.微生物对乙醛降解作用显著,驯化后的生物活性炭滤池(BAC)13 min内可将水中1.5 mg/L的乙醛降低到标准限值0.05 mg/L以下.水厂在用活性炭滤池中的微生物菌群实验条件下驯化时间约为4～30 h,原有菌落成熟且稳定的活性炭需要的驯化、调整时间反而更长.通过抑制颗粒活性炭表面原微生物活性或人工投加驯化菌种可有效地将驯化时间从30 h左右缩短至4 h以下.     

水体底质中磷对菹草生长的影响

通过5个含磷质量分数不同的底质内菹草的生长试验,研究了水体底质中含磷质量分数的单因子差异对菹草生长的影响.结果表明,含磷质量分数≤2.0 g/kg的底质中菹草在试验期间均正常生长,含磷质量分数的增加对菹草生物量的累积和平均株高的增长起促进作用;当底质中含磷质量分数达到2.5 g/kg,从试验中期(21 d)开始,菹草正...     

常见沉水植物对东湖重度富营养化水体磷的去除效果

采用人工模拟方法,选取武汉市东湖的春季优势种金鱼藻、伊乐藻和菹草,夏季优势种类金鱼藻、狐尾藻和苦草,在春夏两个季节分别对东湖重度富营养化水体磷的去除效果进行了比较研究。结果显示：5种沉水植物在春夏季节生长良好,其中金鱼藻生物量增长率最高（春季为12888％,夏季为5833％）。5种沉水植物均能较好地吸收上覆水中的磷,其中金鱼藻在春夏两季对水体总磷的去除率均为最高（春季为9175％,夏季为9244％）。同时5种沉水植物还可抑止底泥中磷的释放,均使上覆水中各形态磷浓度保持较低水平。结果表明,金鱼藻在春夏季节均表现出较好的生长和净化水体磷的能力,且其耐污能力强,有可能成为以东湖为代表的重度富营养浅水湖区植物修复的先锋种之一。     

Antecedents and consequences of collective psychological ownership: The validation of a conceptual model

We investigate team member feelings of collective psychological ownership (CPO) over teamwork products, the psychological paths that lead to it, and its impact on team workers' evaluations of team effectiveness, turnover intentions, and intentions to champion teamwork products. We focus on the teamwork product as an important target of ownership feelings, building on theories of self-extension, psychological ownership, and team emergent states. In Study 1, we validate measures for three ownership activating experiences (OAE) that have been proposed as paths to CPO (control over, intimate knowledge regarding, and investment in the teamwork product) using two samples of individual team workers (n = 210 and n = 140). In Study 2 (n = 183) and Study 3 (n = 200), we use surveys and a multiwave design to show that team workers' feelings of CPO mediate the relationship between investment in and intimate knowledge regarding the product and team effectiveness evaluations, team turnover intentions, and intentions to champion the work product. In Study 4 (n = 48 teams), CPO was predicted by the ownership activating experiences, at the team level. This research additionally highlights the benefits to organizations of creating conditions for the emergence of employee feelings of shared ownership over teamwork products.     

Concentrations of heavy metals and aquatic macrophytes of Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar an anthropogenic lake affected by coal mining effluent

Five heavy metals Cu, Cd, Mn, Pb and Hg were found in high concentration from three sampling sites located in Asia’s largest anthropogenic lake Govind Ballabh Pant GBP Sagar. Concentrations of these heavy metals were measured in Water, bottom sediment and in different parts of the aquatic macrophytes collected from the reservoir. Plants collected from the lake were Eichhornia crassipes, Azolla pinnata, Lemna minor, Spirodela polyrrhiza, Potamogeton pectinatus, Marsilea quadrifolia, Pistia stratiotes, Ipomea aquqtica, Potamogeton crispus, Hydrilla verticillata and Aponogeton natans. These plants have shown the high concentrations of Cu, Cd, Mn, Pb and Hg in their different parts due to bioaccumulation. In general plant roots exhibited higher concentrations of heavy metals than corresponding sediments. A comparison between different morphological tissues of the sampled plants reveled the metal concentration in following order roots > leaves. Analyses of bottom sediment indicated the higher concentrations of Cd, Mn, Cu and Pb. Strong positive correlations were obtained between the metals in water and in plants as well as between metal in sediment and in plants. Indicating the potential of these plants for pollution monitoring of these metals.     

Sensitivity of Bidens laevis L. to mutagenic compounds. Use of chromosomal aberrations as biomarkers of genotoxicity

The wetland macrophyte Bidens laevis possesses suitable cytological characteristics for genotoxicity testing. To test its sensitivity as compared to terrestrial plants species currently in use in standardized assays, Methyl Methanesulfonate (MMS), N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) and Maleic Hydrazide (HM) were used. On the other hand, the insecticide Endosulfan (ES) - an environmentally relevant contaminant - was assayed in seeds and two-month old plants. Mitotic Index (MI), frequency of Chromosome Aberrations in Anaphase-Telophase (CAAT) and frequency of Abnormal Metaphases (AM) were analyzed. MH, MMS and ENU caused a significant decrease of the MI. MMS was aneugenic whereas MH and ENU were both aneugenic and clastogenic. ES caused a significant concentration-dependent increase of total- and aneugenic-CAAT in roots and a significant high frequency of AM at high concentrations. Because of its sensitivity to mutagenic substances, B. laevis can be regarded as a reliable and convenient species for genotoxicity assays especially if aquatic contaminants are evaluated.