WAVE INDUCED FLOW AND TRANSPORT IN SEDIMENT BEDS1

ABSTRACT: The fate of contaminants in large water bodies is highly influenced by the transfer of flow and solutes across the water sediment interface. In this paper, an analytical model is presented where flow in both sediment bed and open channel is coupled at the interface through a boundary layer occupying the upper part of the sediment bed. The presence of this layer allows not only the capture of the inertia effects through a drag term in the generalized Darcy's equation, but also the specification of different soil parameters for the two porous zones. The flow is advective and driven by wave action along the water surface. The resulting system is solved for the pressure and flux in each sediment layer. The generated transport velocity fields are linked to a random walk simulation that is used to examine the trajectories of solute particles. Comparison of these trajectories against experimental tracer tests suggests a pattern very similar to the one attributed to the presence of surface mounds. The results clearly show the significance of the boundary layer and the drag term for soil with high permeability and the impact of both the thickness of the boundary layer and the length of the gravity wave relative to the depth of the water channel on the transport and exchange across the interface. The paper also examines the sensitivity of the mass exchange to the permeability of the two porous zones.     

Air quality assessment for land disposal of industrial wastes

Air pollution from hazardous waste landfills and lagoons is largely unknown. Routine monitoring of toxic air contaminants associated with hazardous waste facilities is difficult and very costly. The method presented in this paper would be useful for air quality assessment in the absence of monitoring data. It may be used as a screening process to examine the question of whether or not volatilization is considered to be significant for a given contaminant and also to evaluate permit applications for new hazardous waste facilities concerning waste volatilization problems.     

NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS OF DISPERSION IN A FINITE,ADSORBING POROUS MEDIUM1

ABSTRACT Numerical and analytical solutions are developed for the distribution of a contaminant within an adsorbing porous medium in a unidirectional flow field subject to a step function for input concentration. The medium is considered to be homogeneous, isotropic, and areally finite. As a by-product, solutions are also obtained for the case of a non-absorbing porous medium. An example that demonstrates the applicability of the solutions is presented.     

不同挺水植物在生活污水中生长量及去污能力比较研究

以千屈菜、香根草、芦苇、香蒲、美人蕉、水葱、风车草7种常见挺水植物为对象,研究了在生活污水中进行培养的植物生长量和氮磷积累量差异以及改善水质指标的能力差异。结果表明:芦苇和美人蕉的生长量显著高于其他植物,美人蕉的氮磷积累量最高,美人蕉和芦苇对污水的综合处理效果最好。     

单体同位素判识地下水MTBE衰减的研究进展

有机单体同位素分析(CSIA)技术能够测定有机化合物单体中特定元素的稳定同位素比值,是一种发展中的新的技术方法。依靠CSIA提供的数据可以确定污染物MTBE来源,判识生物降解的途径,量化降解的程度。更重要的是,通过同位素动力学分馏模型的建立,CSIA技术可以作为评价和预测污染物衰减的程度和衰减时间的强有力工具。文章主要综述了应用CSIA技术解析污染物MTBE衰减过程的应用进展。     

地下水污染风险评价中特征污染物量化方法探讨

针对地下水污染风险评价中的外界胁迫脆弱性评价缺乏有效量化体系这一问题,通过地下水污染源解析,提出了基于特征污染物及其对应排放量的量化体系;通过特征污染物属性解析及利用层次分析法确定研究侧重点,构建了该体系中的特征污染物量化方法.将该量化方法应用于北京市地下水污染风险评价,结果表明,依据不同研究侧重点得出的3种特征污染物危害性计算结果具有明显差异,并且3种危害性排序与对应的3种属性排序亦存在差异.由此表明,确定研究侧重点的主观倾向对特征污染物危害性计算结果有决定性影响.此外,在计算过程中,以序列值的方式解决3种属性的归一化及不同类别特征污染物属性量化结果的统一,会造成不同特征污染物之间相对属性特征的放大或缩小.     

Dioxins in the Venice lagoon

Venice is famous around the world for its uniqueness and architectural splendours, arts and the history of the “Serenissima Repubblica”, as it was known in the past, but few are aware that Venice economy is strongly dependent on the industrial activities based mainly on the adjacent Porto Marghera area. For many years, the lagoon that physically separates the city from the dry land has avoided association between the concern connected with the pollution derived from these industrial activities and the public perception of Venice. Since 1995, dioxins have appeared as a lagoon contaminant, and their presence, at such a level requiring immediate “in depth” studies and interventions, has been fully realized for decades.     

饱和带有机污染物的厌氧反硝化微生物降解

以卤代烃和芳香烃为代表,通过室内实验模拟饱和带厌氧反硝化环境,对地下饱和带中有机污染物的厌氧反硝化可生物降解性,降解机理,降解动力学方程等进行了研究。实验结果表明,芳香烃较卤代烃易被微生物降解,在有低学葡萄糖存在时有 机物的最大生物降解速率Ｃ６Ｈ６：Ｌｍａｘ＝１７ｍｇ／（ｍ＾２．ｄ）,Ｃ７Ｈ８：Ｌｍａｘ＝４６ｍｇ／（ｍ＾２．ｄ）,ＣＣｌ４;Ｌｍａｘ＝７ｍｇ／（ｍ＾２．ｄ）,ＣＨＣｌ３：Ｌｍａｘ＝６     

不同类型的原煤对疏水性有机污染物的吸附与解吸

为探讨干酪根的非均质性与其吸附解吸行为间的关系,采用平衡法研究了菲和1,3,5-三氯苯在3种不同干酪根类型的煤上的吸附与解吸行为.结果表明,菲和1,3,5-三氯苯的吸附解吸等温线均表现出较强的非线性和解吸滞后.吸附解吸行为上的差异可能与干酪根的结构和性质的非均质性有一定的内在关系.     

Assessments of natural and anthropogenic influences on water chemistry in the upper Nakdong River,South Korea

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to evaluate what sources principally affect the chemical compositions in the catchment of the upper Nakdong River, South Korea where bedrock mostly consists of silicates as a natural factor. From October 7^th to 9^th, 2015, thirty-three water samples were collected, including samples from tributaries which run alongside mines. We analyzed the major anions, cations, trace elements and water isotopes of the samples and the analyzed data are divided into four groups by principle component analysis (PCA). We determined that most of the water samples are influenced by water-rock interactions when we consider the PCA results and the chemical weathering equation line. However, six samples have excess concentrations of sulfate and plot below the equation line. These samples were mostly from streams beside a zinc-cadmium smelter, which was also consistent with the PCA results. Samples near populated area could also be separated into a group via domestic pollution. Based on the PCA and chemical results, the chemical compositions of the river can be affected by two anthropogenic inputs: mine wastes and domestic contaminants.