Estimation of the shadow prices of pollutants with production/environment inefficiency taken into account: a nonparametric directional distance function approach

This paper deals with the estimation of the shadow prices of pollutants with a nonparametric directional distance function approach, where the inefficiency involved in the production process is taken into account unlike the previous studies. The directional vector, which is critical to the estimation and subject to the criterion for an appropriate efficiency rule proposed here, is calculated by using the annual plans of power plants in terms of production and environment. In the empirical study for Korea's electric power industry during the period of 1990-1995, we find that the average shadow prices of sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and total suspended particulates (TSP) are approximately 10% lower than those calculated under the assumption of full efficiency. The methodology we propose and the findings obtained in the empirical study allow us to undertake better decision-making over a broad range of environmental policy issues.     

EVALUATING INTERDEPENDENT WATERSHED CONSERVATION AND GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT REFORMS1

Abstract: Conserving the watershed can help to preserve ground water recharge. Preventing overuse of available water through pricing reforms can also substantially increase the value of an aquifer. Inasmuch as users are accustomed to low prices, efficiency pricing may be politically infeasible, and watershed conservation may be considered as an alternative. We estimate and compare welfare gains from pricing reform and watershed conservation for a water management district in Oahu that obtains its water supply from the Pearl Harbor aquifer. We find that pricing reform is welfare superior to watershed conservation unless the latter is able to prevent very large recharge losses. Watershed conservation that yields net gains in combination with pricing reform may cause net losses without the pricing reform. If adoption of watershed conservation delays the implementation of pricing reform, the benefits of the latter are significantly reduced.     

利用造纸黑液制备水煤浆添加剂

利用造纸黑液中有效成分，经过适当处理制备水煤浆添加剂，并且对添加剂的性能进行了测试。结果表明，依照该工艺生产的添加剂，性能优良，能够满足工业生产需要。     

废塑料生产汽柴油技术分析与应用中的误区

从废塑料生产汽柴油技术的工艺流程入手，对该项技术中存在的一些问题进行了分析，内容涉及原料来源及范围，裂化反应条件，传热与除焦，油品质量及收率，新形成的污染和经济效益评估等；指出了此项技术在应用中存在的误区。     

攀钢烧结烟气脱硫技术研究

介绍了攀钢烧结烟气的特点，SO2的来源。根据国内外烟气脱硫技术现状， 提出了攀钢烧结烟气脱硫的技术要求。     

黄河断流与黄河的水资源承载力

分析了黄河断流的时空特征、根源和危害，提出了水资源承载力的概念。黄河的水资源承载力即指在生态系统良性循环的条件下，黄河对人类取用水资源的最大承受能力。只有建立起水资源承载力的概念，人类才会谨慎地取用水资源，小心地保护水资源。     

气相色谱仪检测溶解气H_2、He最佳观测条件的选择

通过色谱柱、固定相以及载气流速的选择性实验 ,提高了气相色谱仪在观测地下水中H2 、He分离效能和检测效能。本文对此作介绍 ,以期对使用气相色谱仪进行地下水H2 、He观测的台站能有所启发和借鉴     

充分利用水资源 改善生态环境

本文结合攀枝花地区实际,论述了水资源利用率高低是影响经济发展和改善生态环境的重要因素,调查分析了攀枝花地区水资源利用率低的原因;提出了提高水资源利用率的对策和措施。为促进经济发展和改善生态环境提供了依据。     

中国磨芋胶资源及应用

中国磨芋胶资源丰富,在国产的27种磨芋中,有10种具有较大开发利用前景。磨芋可在我国大部分地区栽培,产量很高,磨芋胶被广泛应用于食品、纺织工业和其它行业中。本文对我国可作胶用的几种磨芋资源、分布和应用进行了报导。     

遥感在荒地资源调查及开发利用中的应用

利用先进的遥感技术对荒地资源进行调查,可以直接、准确地圈定荒地的范围;确定荒地的土壤性质,这一手段不仅精度高,而且省时省力。另外,本文根据遥感解译,还提出了荒地资源开发利用的构想,并针对性地提出了相应的生产模式。