地表水特定项目优化检测技术研究

对地表水中特定项目指标的检测技术进行了优化研究,根据检测目标化合物的结构性质和色谱分析手段的兼容性,对前处理方法和分析手段进行了优化整合,提出了特定项目的解决方案,提高了工作效率,对切实保障饮用水源安全有实际意义.     

基于多因素分析的玻璃行业员工不安全行为研究

采用问卷调查、信效度分析和因子分析等方法,研究玻璃行业不安全行为影响因素,研究结果表明：玻璃行业员工不安全行为主要包括车间照明、PPE佩戴等18个影响因素指标;根据方差分析结果将影响因素归结为工作环境与行为要求（F₁）、安全教育与培训（F₂）、群体与组织行为影响（F₃）和激励沟通与奖惩（F₄）等4个主因子,其方差解释率分别为32%、12%、10%、10%,权重分别为0.51、0.19、0.15、0.15;根据分析结果针对性提出“4+1”安全管理模式,为玻璃行业降低不安全行为几率、保障安全生产提供理论依据。     

美国应急管理专业研究生培养体系借鉴*

为满足应急体制建设进入新的发展阶段后我国对应急管理高级人才的迫切需求,加快培养高素质应急管理实践与应用型人才。以美国15所开设应急管理专业的高校的硕士（文理）、博士（文理）为样本,对美国应急教育现状和培养方案进行全面梳理,包括教育目标、课程设置、人才储备等。研究结果表明:美国应急管理专业研究生教育系统性强,注重应用性与专业性。对比我国应急管理学科现状,提出将研究生培养成为兼具跨学科背景、经过充分实践训练的高素质人才的建议。研究结果可为我国应急管理专业研究生培养提供科学参考。     

Is a voluntary approach an effective environmental policy instrument?: A case for environmental management systems

Using Japanese facility-level data from an OECD survey, we estimate the effects of implementation of ISO14001 and publication of environmental reports on the facilities’ environmental performance. While most previous studies focused on an index of emissions toxicity, this study examines three areas of impacts, none of which have been explored in the literature: natural resource use, solid waste generation, and wastewater effluent. The study is also unique in that the effectiveness of ISO14001 is considered in relation to environmental regulations. Our findings are summarized as follows. First, both ISO14001 and report publication help reduce all three impacts; the former appears more effective in all areas except wastewater. Second, environmental regulations do not weaken the effect of ISO14001. Third, assistance programs offered by local governments—a voluntary approach—promote facilities’ adoption of ISO14001. These findings suggest that governments can use command-and-control and voluntary approaches concurrently.     

The design and implementation of sustainable plant diversity conservation program for alpine meadows and pastures

The paper describes the design and implementation of a plant biodiversity conservation program that was developed under funding and time constraints for diverse ecological, social, and institutional environments. The biodiversity program for alpine meadows and pastures located in the Swiss Canton of the Grisons is used as an example. The design of the sustainable program relied on existing legislation, accounted for limited ecological knowledge and expertise, and considered biodiversity as a common-pool resource. The trend to intensified cultivation of restricted areas required fast action, while the sustainability of the program design had to take into account institutional diversity. Fifteen habitats and plant communities worth conserving were known, and 57 plant species were identified as indicator species for establishing an inventory and for monitoring purposes. A small subset of 16 well known plant species was presented to the farming communities. They were invited to notify the areas in which they observed the presence of these plants. In different regions of the Canton a total number of 39 paraecologists were trained to inspect the areas notified by farmers and to recommend possible incorporation into the Cantonal inventory. This was done once the farmers signed a contract in which they agreed to follow adequate management practices. The farmers received subsidies to compensate for their losses. Communal authorities controlled the fertilizer input and cutting dates, while the paraecologists were trained to monitor plant biodiversity. The program started in 1992 and the initial phase of the inventory was terminated in 1996. At the beginning of 1996, an inventory of 2617.19 ha, most of which are meadows, was taken and managed according to the rules specified in the contract. The program was considered successful because (i) of the size of the area in the inventory, (ii) about 30%of the farmers participated, and (iii) farmers started cultivating previously abandoned farmland.     

Integrated measures for preservation, restoration and improvement of the environmental conditions of the Lagoon Olho d'Água basin

The Lagoon Olho d'Água in Pernambuco State, Northeast Brazil has received increasing environmental concern due to significant stress from pollution in the catchment. The existing environmental problems are the result of great pressure from a broad range of human activities, especially in the last 10 years. Serious pollution exists mainly from some industrial and urban activities, which increased intensively after the eighties. There is a strong social and economical pressure for housing and construction near the lagoon, due to the available land nearby beaches and estuarine zone, and recently by growing tourism activities. Uncontrolled land use by low-income communities and the pressure for construction by developers have led to landfilling and to deterioration of water quality in the lagoon catchment. Improvement of the environmental conditions in the catchment needs integrated measures. Guidelines and some specific actions involving several institutions have been established and refer to sanitation and urban infrastructure as the main priorities. A main target is the construction of low-cost sewage system with smaller and decentralised treatment plants.     

Integrating Nonindigenous Aquatic Plant Control with Protection of Snail Kite Nests in Florida

The endangered snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis) feeds primarily on the freshwater apple snail (Pomacea paludosa) in Florida. The nonindigenous, floating water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) impede kites from finding snails. Effective control of these aquatic plants in the littoral zone of central and south Florida lakes benefits kites by maintaining open foraging habitat. However, incidental herbicide spraying of nesting substrates result in nest collapse when kites breed in nonwoody, emergent plants [cattail (Typha spp.) and giant bulrush (Scirpus validus)] in the outer littoral zone during lower lake levels. Many endangered species recovery plans and their implementation have experienced problems due to inaction and/or noncooperation by various governmental agencies and their personnel. Herein, we describe the development and implementation of a buffer zone strategy to prevent secondary impacts from an aquatic plant control program to snail kites nesting on lakes in central and south Florida. A strategy was jointly developed by personnel of five state and federal agencies to control herbicide application near kite nesting areas during the normal breeding season. Although requiring various modifications during its implementation, this cooperative effort successfully integrated aquatic plant control objectives with snail kite conservation on Lake Okeechobee during 1988. The program was expanded the following year to lakes Kissimmee and Tohopekaliga. Since the implementation of the snail kite impact preclusion program, no nest loss was attributed to incidental herbicide applications on lakes Okeechobee, Kissimmee, and Tohopekaliga.     

极板转运装置自动控制系统的设计与实现

介绍了极板转运装置自动控制系统的设计思想.详细阐述了系统的组成,检测开关的现场布置以及系统程序的设计.     

环境管理、规划管理与项目管理

文章从深入分析环境管理的内涵出发,进而提出树立项目管理意识,强化项目管理的概念,说明项目管理在环境管理中的地位和作用,从这个意义上讨论环境管理与项目管理的关系,简述环境保护项目管理的主要环节,达到提高环境管理效能的途径的目的。     

都江堰市红色村干沟泥石流活动特征及危险性评估

"5·12"四川汶川大地震导致灾区地质灾害危险性大大增强,严重影响了周边居民的生命财产安全。都江堰市虹口乡红色干沟泥石流灾害隐患点是其中之一。根据泥石流的成因、类型、规模,以及泥石流的活动特征,对泥石流活动进行了危险性评估,指出泥石流防治工程方案应采用以排为主,适当拦挡的原则,建拦挡坝用以消能、调节泥石流流量;建防护堤用以限制泥石流漫流,对居民区进行有效防护。