粘滞阻尼支撑框架结构弹塑性时程分析

对阻尼支撑框架结构的弹塑性时程分析方法进行了探讨,给出了阻尼支撑的力学计算模型;对地震动的选用进行了分析,给出了地震动选取的初步建议。建立了两个三层的单榀粘滞阻尼支撑框架结构,利用IDARC 2D非线性分析软件进行了弹塑性时程分析,对框架弹塑性阶段的地震响应、塑性铰分布及结构损伤进行了对比研究,提出了阻尼支撑框架结构的设计要点,为实际工程提供设计依据。     

Comparison of Field Performance of Multiple Soil Moisture Sensors in a Semi‐Arid Rangeland1

Abstract:  Automated electronic soil moisture sensors, such as time domain reflectometry (TDR) and capacitance probes are being used extensively to monitor and measure soil moisture in a variety of scientific and land management applications. These sensors are often used for a wide range of soil moisture applications such as drought forage prediction or validation of large‐scale remote sensing instruments. The convergence of three different research projects facilitated the evaluation and comparison of three commercially available electronic soil moisture probes under field application conditions. The sensors are all installed in shallow soil profiles in a well instrumented small semi‐arid shrub covered subwatershed in Southeastern Arizona. The sensors use either a TDR or a capacitance technique; both of which indirectly measure the soil dielectric constant to determine the soil moisture content. Sensors are evaluated over a range of conditions during three seasons comparing responses to natural wetting and drying sequences and using water balance and infiltration simulation models. Each of the sensors responded to the majority of precipitation events; however, they varied greatly in response time and magnitude from each other. Measured profile soil moisture storage compared better to water balance estimates when soil moisture in deeper layers was accounted for in the calculations. No distinct or consistent trend was detected when comparing the responses from the sensors or the infiltration model to individual precipitation events. The results underscore the need to understand how the sensors respond under field application and recognize the limitations of soil moisture sensors and the factors that can affect their accuracy in predicting soil moisture in situ.     

FTABLE Generation Method Effects on Instream Fecal Bacteria Concentrations Simulated With HSPF1

Abstract: Computer simulation models are used extensively for the development of total maximum daily loads (TMDLs). Specifically, the Hydrological Simulation Program‐FORTRAN (HSPF) is used in Virginia for the development of TMDLs for bacteria impairments. HSPF estimates discharge from a reach using function tables (FTABLES). The FTABLE relates stream stage, surface area, and volume to discharge from a reach. In this study, five FTABLE estimation methods were assessed by comparing their effect on various simulation outputs. Four “field‐based” methods used detailed cross‐sectional data collected via site surveys. A fifth “digital‐based” method used digital elevation data in combination with the Natural Resources Conservation Service Regional Hydraulic Geometry Curves. Sets of FTABLEs created using each method were used in simulations of instream bacteria concentration for a Virginia watershed. Several statistics relating to instream bacteria including long‐term average concentration, die‐off, and the violation rate of Virginia’s bacteria criterion were compared. The pair‐wise Student’s t‐test was used for the comparison. The HSPF simulations that used FTABLES estimated from digitally based data consistently produced significantly higher long‐term average instream fecal bacteria concentrations, significantly lower instream fecal bacteria die‐off, which is related to differences in residence time in the streams, and significantly higher water quality criterion violation rates.     

绿灯间隔时间对交叉口交通安全的影响研究

在对世界其他国家黄灯的界定进行回顾的基础上,将国内道路交通安全法对黄灯的界定与其进行了对比,指出我国道路交通安全法中对黄灯的作用与定义的界定存在一定偏差;并运用汽车动力学原理及交通冲突理论,对驾驶员在绿灯间隔期间的驾驶行为以及车辆的行驶轨迹进行分析;确定了影响黄灯时长及全红时间计算的相关因素,提出了黄灯时长以及全红时间的计算公式。研究结果指出:科学合理的绿灯间隔设置是交叉口交通安全的保证;禁止车辆黄灯期间越过停车线以及取消黄灯都是不利于交通安全的做法。     

提高SBR好氧颗粒污泥脱氮除磷性能的策略调控

室温下接种成熟好氧颗粒污泥于SBR反应器中,以实际生活污水为进水基质,采用梯度进水联合优化A/O/A时间配比策略以期提高污泥的脱氮除磷效果.结果表明,缺氧时间由0.5h延长至1.5h时,能同时保证脱氮除磷高效进行.此时A/O/A时间比为1:1.6:1,平均TN去除率提高至81.27%,平均TP去除率保持90%以上,平均COD去除率保持在85%以上.同时,同步硝化反硝化(SND)率降低至25.24%,缺氧吸磷比例由0.43%上升至2.81%,进而说明此A/O/A时间比下反硝化糖菌(DGAOs)的反硝化作用对脱氮的贡献增加.缺氧时间延长至2h,A/O/A时间比为3:5:4时,过度缺氧导致微生物内源呼吸和丝状菌繁殖,平均TN、TP去除率降低至51.48%、72.46%.缺氧时间为1.5h时,MLSS为3501mg/L较低,但MLVSS/MLSS(f)升高至0.95,说明淘洗掉了非功能菌,使脱氮除磷功能菌大量生长.随缺氧时间延长至1.5h,即A/O/A时间比为1:1.6:1,PN/PS增加至6.89,故颗粒稳定性不断增强,在1h以内缺氧时间延长对LB-EPS影响更大且对EPS含量影响不大,超过...     

Persistence of airline accidents

This paper expands on air travel accident research by examining the relationship between air travel accidents and airline traffic or volume in the period from 1927–2006. The theoretical model is based on a representative airline company that aims to maximise its profits, and it utilises a fractional integration approach in order to determine whether there is a persistent pattern over time with respect to air accidents and air traffic. Furthermore, the paper analyses how airline accidents are related to traffic using a fractional cointegration approach. It finds that airline accidents are persistent and that a (non‐stationary) fractional cointegration relationship exists between total airline accidents and airline passengers, airline miles and airline revenues, with shocks that affect the long‐run equilibrium disappearing in the very long term. Moreover, this relation is negative, which might be due to the fact that air travel is becoming safer and there is greater competition in the airline industry. Policy implications are derived for countering accident events, based on competition and regulation.     

板锥网壳结构的风振响应分析

板锥网壳结构是一种受力性能合理,技术经济效益良好的新型空间结构形式。采用谐波法模拟了Daven-port脉动风谱;采用时程分析法对板锥网壳结构进行了风振响应时程分析,并对板锥网壳结构的风振响应特性进行了全面和深入的研究,为板锥网壳结构的抗风设计提供理论上的依据,得出了可应用于工程实践的重要结论。     

区域高速公路网络构建对可达性空间格局的影响——以安徽沿江地区为实证 

以安徽沿江为实证，采用加权平均旅行时间指标，分析了高速公路网构建对节点区内联系及区外联系可达性格局的影响，并以此为基础，综合分析了节点总体可达性格局的变动；随后对总体可达性的变动幅度及其相对可达性变动格局进行了探讨。结果表明：安徽沿江高速公路网络的构建显著提高了区域整体可达性，且促进了可达性的均衡化；区内联系可达性、区外联系可达性及总体可达性三者格局特征不同，路网构建所形成的影响也各有差别；东部及北部地区可达性变动幅度小于西南部地区；根据可达性系数的变化幅度及方向，可将节点归为相对可达性下降、相对可达性稳定及相对可达性上升3类。     

消防第一出动时间的频次分布规律研究

消防队接到火警后第一出动力量及时到达火场展开灭火救援,对有效控制火灾、减少人员伤亡和财产损失有着重要的意义。第一出动时间直接反映了城市灭火救援专业力量的出动响应水平。采用SPSS软件对1995-2003年日本全国城市火灾数据进行分析,发现第一出动时间的频次符合对数正态分布;与部分中国城市火灾统计数据对比后,表明后者符合同样的规律。中国数据对数正态分布的期望值为4.9分钟,其物理意义为消防力量第一出动时间的平均值,与我国消防条例对城镇消防站设置的基本原则相符。     

BuildSGEM在体育场馆人员疏散模拟中的应用

文章简要介绍了BuildSGEM软件的原理和该软件的应用现状,并以某体育馆为例,运用BuildSGEM软件,在该体育馆中,对设定火灾场景下人员的安全疏散进行了模拟和分析,从而得到人员疏散完毕所需要的时间。结合FDS模拟所得人员疏散的可利用时间,文章根据安全疏散判据,得出该体育馆所设置的出口满足人员安全疏散的要求这一结论。文中详细阐述了运用BuildS-GEM进行模拟计算时,从初始条件的设置到结果分析并最终得出结论的过程,从而很好阐释了BuildSGEM的应用方法及其特点,不仅为该体育馆作了安全疏散分析,同时也为实际工程提供了实用参考及宝贵建议。