我国报废汽车回收拆解企业发展的关键问题研究

报废汽车回收拆解具有巨大的经济、环境和社会效益。我国报废汽车回收拆解企业正面临极佳的发展环境,但目前存在着诸多问题,需要进行转型升级。提出报废汽车回收拆解企业转型升级过程中存在的若干关键问题,即回收阶段中的报废汽车量预测、回收模式选择、报废汽车回收网络构建;拆解阶段中的拆解工艺选择、拆解设备选择;产品销售阶段中的产品分类及市场分析、销售模式确定及销售网络构建、产品定价等问题,并对这些问题进行分析,提供解决方法和措施。     

A formal model for consensus and negotiation in environmental management

Environmental management decisions typically lie at the interface of science and public policy. Consequently, these decisions involve a number of stakeholders with competing agendas and vested interests in the ultimate decision. In such cases, it is appropriate to adopt formal methods for consensus building to ensure transparent and repeatable decisions. In this paper, we use an environmental management case study to demonstrate the utility of a mathematical consensus convergence model in aggregating values (or weights) across groups. Consensus models are applicable when all parties agree to negotiate in order to resolve conflict. The advantage of this method is that it does not require that all members of the group reach agreement, often an impossible task in group decision making. Instead, it uses philosophical foundations in consensus building to aggregate group members' values in a way that guarantees convergence towards a single consensual value that summarizes the group position. We highlight current problems with ad hoc consensus and negotiation methods, provide justification for the adoption of formal consensus convergence models and compare the consensus convergence model with currently used methods for aggregating values across a group in a decision making context. The model provides a simple and transparent decision support tool for group decision making that is straightforward to implement.     

Adoption and adaptation of natural resource management innovations in smallholder agriculture: reflections on key lessons and best practices

Many smallholder farmers in vulnerable areas continue to face complex challenges in adoption and adaptation of resource management and conservation strategies. Although much has been learned from diverse experiences in sustainable resource management, there is still inadequate understanding of the market, policy and institutional failures that shape and structure farmer incentives and investment decisions. The policy and institutional failures exacerbate market failures, locking smallholder resource users into a low level equilibrium that perpetuates poverty and land degradation. Improved market access that raises the returns to land and labor is often the driving force for adoption of new practices in agriculture. Market linkages, access to credit and availability of pro-poor options for beneficial conservation are critical factors in stimulating livelihood and sustainability-enhancing investments. Future interventions need to promote joint innovations that ensure farmer experimentation and adaptation of new technologies and careful consideration of market, policy and institutional factors that stimulate widespread smallholder investments. Future projects should act as ‘toolboxes’, giving essential support to farmers to devise complementary solutions based on available options. Addressing the externalities and institutional failures that prevent private and joint investments for management of agricultural landscapes will require new kinds of institutional mechanisms for empowering communities through local collective action that would ensure broad participation and equitable distributions of the gains from joint conservation investments. Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue.     

废弃混凝土回收利用公私合作机制设计

大面积的旧城改造和城市更新使得我国建筑废弃物的产量逐年剧增,废弃混凝土作为建筑废弃物中最大的构成部分,促进废弃混凝土回收利用产业的发展是缓解我国建筑业和环境、资源矛盾的重要举措。文章阐述了废弃混凝土回收利用产业的性质和废弃混凝土回收利用公私合作的类型和模式。在此基础上,提出由准入、风险管控、激励、监管和淘汰5个部分组成的废弃混凝土回收利用公私合作机制架构。     

A joint climate and nature cure: A transformative change perspective

Climate change has considerably dominated science-policy dialogue, public debate, and subsequently environmental policies since the three “Rio Conventions” were born. This has led to practically independent courses of action of climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation actions, neglecting potential conflicts among outcomes and with missed opportunities for synergistic measures. Transformative governance principles have been proposed to overcome these limitations. Using a transformative governance lens, we use the case of the Norwegian "Climate Cure 2030" for the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector to, first, illustrate the mechanisms that have led to the choice of climate mitigation measures; second, to analyze the potential consequences of these measures on biodiversity and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; and, third, to evaluate alternative measures with potential positive outcomes for biodiversity and GHG emissions/removals. We point to some mechanisms that could support the implementation of these positive actions.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01679-8.     

基于ANP的建筑安全管理绩效评价框架研究

基于政府A部门提供的502起建设工程事故调查报告,综合应用比较分析、数据挖掘、网络层次分析法(ANP)和超级决策(SD)决策软件,建立建筑安全管理绩效评价框架,包括6个一级指标和24个二级指标;通过分析各因素之间的关系,修正各个因素的权重,得出事故致因的传递路径。根据和其他偏定性研究的比较还可以发现,基于数据挖掘的ANP和SD的综合运用,更利于对真实情况进行研究模拟,在应对较大建设工程事故风险时更具有针对性和前瞻性。     

A comparative decision-making model for sustainable end-of-life vehicle management alternative selection using AHP and extent analysis method on fuzzy AHP

Environmental protection and sustainable development are getting increasing attention in the automobile industries. Environmental consciousness has increased, and sustainability has become an important requirement for the management of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs). The proper management of ELVs can bring improved sustainability performance for any society or organisation. There are several alternative options for ELVs management such as reuse, repair, reconditioning, remanufacturing and recycling. Environmental legislation is forcing original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) to manage their products at the end of their life cycle to reduce their potential environmental impact. An appropriate selection model for sustainable ELV management alternatives in the dynamic, competitive and regulatory environment can enable a firm to satisfy economic, environmental, social and technological requirements. This study proposes an integrated model to select the dimensions and criteria for evaluating sustainable alternatives for the proper management of ELVs. First, the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method is used to select the most important dimensions and criteria for sustainable alternative selection. Next, a hierarchy has been constructed to develop a systematic technique to solve the alternatives selection problem. An analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and extent analysis method on the fuzzy AHP (FEAHP) model have been used based on the hierarchy to evaluate the most suitable alternatives from the sustainability point of view. The strength of the proposed model is that it compares the results of both methods, the imprecision of experts’ opinions is considered in the evaluation process and the model is easy to use.     

No Sustainability without Technical,Fiscal and Social Innovation

Abstract

Migration process has become increasingly important in recent research on population and the environment. A majority of the existing migration and environment literature has focused on the environmental causes and determinants of migration. With the largest rural-to-urban migration flow in world history, and growing concerns about the environmental problems accompanying its fast economic development, China provides a particularly important case for migration and environment research. This paper reviews major migration theories and recent research on environmental effects on migration, with specific attention to the influences of environmental factors on rural-to-urban labor migration in China. A comprehensive multilevel conceptual framework is developed for studying the environmental causes of rural-to-urban migration in China. The effects of land resources on household labor migration decisions in rural China are explored to illustrate the application of this framework.     

低碳产品、定向广告与供应链营销投资策略演化

在对定向广告影响低碳产品制造商、零售商的供应链营销投资策略及其竞争关系分析基本上,建立制造商主导的Stackelberg博弈模型,给出制造商、零售商不同投资策略组合下的支付矩阵,构建以促进低碳产品销售为目标的演化博弈模型,根据产品低碳度、差异化低碳产品,分析不同低碳产品供应链定向广告投资策略演化路径及稳定性,并利用Netlogo进行博弈双方策略演化仿真,揭示消费者低碳偏好度、广告效应因子、价格敏感系数对策略演化路径的影响规律.研究发现,在制造商、零售商有限理性下,成本共担契约不能促成双方定向广告投资合作;产品低碳度不同,低碳供应链演化均衡策略存在差异;与制造商相比,零售商投资定向广告可催生更大市场需求,更有利于低碳产品的普及和推广;对低碳度较高产品,消费者低碳偏好度、价格敏感系数与零售商投资意愿正相关,广告效应因子对零售商投资意愿的影响存在峰值,当广告效应因子在合适范围内时,零售商投资意愿最大.据此,提出了相应的管理启示和决策建议.