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91.
The relationships between age (range: 3 to 14 yr), mandibular bone fluoride level (marker of accumulated internal dose, range: 597 to 4680 mg F- kg-1> dry wt) and intensity of dental fluorosis (reflecting fluoride exposure during enamel formation) were studied in a sample of 53 fluorosed red deer from a fluoride-polluted area in the Czech-German border region (Ore mountains and their southern foreland). Assessment of the severity of dental fluorosis was performed for the 3 permanent premolars and 3 molars of one hemimandible per animal by using an ordinal measurement scale. For statistical analysis, the maximum tooth score of fluorosis (MTS) and the dental lesion index of fluorosis (DLI, sum of the six tooth scores per individual) were used. In the sample, both MTS (rs = 0.850) and DLI (rs = 0.813) were highly significantly (p <0.00001) correlated with bone fluoride content. A weaker correlation existed between age and bone fluoride content (rs = 0.322, p <0.05). The results demonstrate that in case of regional, long-term fluoride pollution, dental fluorosis (measured as MTS or DLI) can be used as a sensitive biomarker of fluoride exposure in deer and thus as an indicator of the level of environmental contamination by fluorides. In many countries, skulls and mandibles of wild deer are regularly and continuously collected by hunters. Assessment of the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in this material offers the opportunity for an efficient large-scale biomonitoring of environmental pollution by fluorides at very low cost. 相似文献
92.
空调制冷剂二氟甲烷(R32)是R22的替代制冷剂之一,其分子中含有氟元素,受热可产生剧毒物质氟化氢(HF),一旦泄漏分解,将会对人员造成极大危害.首次通过实验研究了R32泄漏后的受热分解情况,利用激光气体分析仪,测量了不同工况下HF的实时浓度,分析了R32受热分解的影响因素.结果表明R32泄漏后,在受热状态下很容易产生HF,HF浓度随着泄漏量和受热状态的变化而异,浓度可达1000ppm以上;研究结果可为含氟制冷剂的应用提供技术支持. 相似文献
93.
P. S. Datta S. K. Tyagi P. Mookerjee S. K. Bhattacharya Navindu Gupta P. D. Bhatnagar 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1999,56(2):209-219
Agricultural activity in the Pushkar Valley, Rajasthan is constrained due to limited availability of good quality water. In this context, occurrence of nitrate and fluoride in the groundwater was investigated and reported. Integration of stable isotope (18O) data with recharge characteristics (based on 3H-tracer studies) helps in clearly characterizing the processes controlling contamination by point and non-point sources. High nitrate and fluoride groundwaters are associated with high 18O waters. This indicates that significant quantities of evaporated (isotopically enriched) surface run-off water and rain water infiltrate along with nitrate and fluoride salts in the soil. The applicability of this approach under different hydrometeorological conditions is also confirmed. 相似文献
94.
The Indian desert, the Thar Desert, has its own importance and specific characteristics with respect to endemic and medicinal plants. Forty-five plant species are considered to be rare and/or endangered. The desert has a large number of plants of economic importance and medicinal use. The Thar Desert is thickly populated in comparison to other hot deserts of the world. 17.44 million people and 23.33 million livestock are recorded from the region. These populations exert pressure on the biological resources of the Thar Desert causing a lack of sustainability and necessitate conservation of biodiversity actions. 相似文献
95.
96.
三元缔合物抑制分光光度法测定痕量氟 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
利用氟离子对锆-水杨基荧光酮-溴化十六烷基三甲基铵三元缔合物形成的竞争抑制作用,建立了测定痕量氟的抑制分光光度法,确定了测定的最佳条件为:「SAF」=6.0×10^-5mol.L^-1「CTMAB」=8.0×10^-4mol.L^-1,「Zr(IV)」=1.0μg.ml^-1,「HCl」=0.08moL.L^-1,25℃。 相似文献
97.
通过使用复合分子筛对模拟含氟水进行静态吸附实验,研究了复合分子筛对水中氟化物的吸附性能,并分析了吸附过程中温度、pH值和停留时间等因素对分子筛除氟效率的影响。结果表明,用80 g粒径0.9 mm的分子筛处理150 mL浓度为5 mg/L的模拟含氟水,分子筛的除氟效率达到90%以上,而同样条件下天然沸石和改性涂铁沸石的去除率分别为23.35%和80.69%。分子筛的除氟效率随着温度呈现先上升后下降的趋势,50℃时去除效率达到最高,为92.7%;在弱酸性条件下的去除率比碱性条件要高,在pH=4时去除率最大,为91.8%;停留时间初始阶段与去除率保持正相关,在45 min后反应达到平衡。分子筛的吸附速率符合二级动力学方程dqe/dt=k(qe-qt)2,吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程。 相似文献
98.
离子选择电极法测定水中氟离子影响因素的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
离子选择电极法测定水中氟离子的监测方法,因其操作简单、干扰少、不必进行预处理等优点,广泛应用于环境监测领域。但国家标准检测方法对检测过程条件控制及影响因素等没有明确写明。本文结合实验和文献资料,对检测过程中出现的结果偏差进行了探讨。 相似文献
99.
100.
以不同添加剂采用浸没沉淀相转换法制备基于无纺布支撑的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)平板疏水膜,考察了不同添加剂的加入对膜性能与结构的影响;并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力学显微镜(AFM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、接触角测量及膜蒸馏实验等对疏水膜的结构及性能进行表征。结果表明,引入混合型添加剂制备的膜具有较高通量和盐截留率,其疏水性最强,而添加剂对聚合物的晶型影响较小。以35 g/L的NaCl盐溶液为进料液对制备的平板膜进行直接接触式膜蒸馏实验,在热侧进水温度为50℃、冷侧温度为20℃的条件下,所制备的疏水膜通量最高可达12.45 kg/(m2.h),截留率为99.99%。 相似文献