绿色施工评价指标体系与方法研究

作为传统的高能耗产业,建筑业的节能减排对我国节能减排工作大局意义重大。绿色施工以节能减排为核心理念,是建筑业实施可持续发展战略重要措施。通过对我国建筑施工活动中的污染源和能耗源进行追溯和辨识,综合管理、技术、经济等要素,并参照我国绿色施工相关规定,探讨构建了基于我国国情的绿色施工综合评价标准体系,进而利用突变级数法,设计了绿色施工综合评价方法。结合相关工程进行实例评价,结果表明该评价指标体系与方法评价结论客观与准确,并可以发现建筑企业绿色施工生产活动中缺陷,提高企业管理水平,促进技术创新,降低生产成本。     

300m3易燃易爆湿式氢气贮柜爆炸事故分析

针对某动力公司300m^3易燃易爆湿式氢气贮柜发生燃烧爆炸事故的现场情况,首次给出了湿式氢气贮柜发生爆炸的可能原因和事故的技术分析过程,建立了相应的事故数学分析模型和爆炸燃烧方程,提供了湿式氢气贮柜发生爆炸事故的数学模拟计算方法,确定了300m^3湿式氢气贮柜发生爆炸事故原因,为我国类似企业开展湿式氢气贮柜火灾爆炸事故分析提供了可借鉴的理论和方法依据。     

球团矿厂煤粉收集设备的改造

通过改造,将球团矿厂煤粉收集器由气箱式脉冲袋式除尘器改造为长袋低压脉冲高浓度煤粉袋式收集器,实现磨煤收尘系统运行安全防爆、高效低阻、稳定可靠;在提高煤粉台时产量的同时,大幅度地降低运行成本。     

我国能源现状及可持续利用对策

通过分析我国能源现状、特点和能源利用带来的环境污染,指出了走可持续发展之路是我国能源工业的必然选择,提出了我国能源可持续利用对策。     

KFR-2特种饰面型防火涂料的热解动力学分析

利用梅特勒TA4000,25-TC15型热分析仪对KFR-2特种饰面型防火涂料和普通乳胶漆涂料进行了TG和DSC分析,研究了KFR-2特种饰面型防火涂料和普通乳胶漆涂料的降解过程.在分析动力学理论模型基础上,分析数据,确定了KFR-2特种饰面型防火涂料和普通乳胶漆涂料的热力学参数,活化能.通过分析比较得出,与普通乳胶漆相比,KFR-2特种饰面型防火涂料由于添加了阻燃成分,使活化能显著提高,热稳定性明显加强,体系耐热性能好,阻燃效果明显.     

云南省玉龙县碳减排效应估算

玉龙县碳减排效应估算主要包括退耕还林、造林、小水电、替代能源(包括沼气池和太阳能)使用等方面. 其中,造林具有较长期的碳汇功能,会持续提供碳增汇服务功能;替代能源的使用可以有效减少薪柴燃烧,在以农村人口为主的玉龙县,薪柴是主要的取暖和生活能源,故替代能源的使用颇具意义. 以2005年为基准年,小水电和替代能源总的碳减排效应为22.24×103 t,其中小水电碳减排效应为14.43 ×103 t,太阳能碳减排效应为66.24 t,沼气池碳减排效应为7.74×103 t;设定了基准年后林木生长过程以及替代能源使用状况的情景,并进行情景模拟,估算了玉龙县造林在5年内会产生碳汇21.07×103 t,10年内会产生碳汇24.92×103 t. 在研究区总的碳减排效应中,小水电、沼气池以及生态林地都有较大贡献,而经济林和草地的贡献相对较小;与5年情景相比,20年情景中小水电和沼气池的贡献有所上升,而生态林地等的贡献相对下降.      

势能增氧生物处理工艺的应用研究

介绍势能增氧生态床的增氧机理及工程实例。生态床为多层浅床结构,每层装设填料,采用虹吸管进出水,利用水流势能进行大气复氧,水中DO逐层增加,出水DO达到最高。结构紧凑,投资省,高效节能,可用于小区中水回用处理,经济效益优于传统工艺。     

Predicting national sustainability: The convergence of energetic,economic and environmental realities

The “constraint space” dictated by energetic, economic and environmental realities on scenarios for future organization of humanity and nature is explored from the perspective of the energy and resources driving economies. Net energy of energy sources is presented as an index (Emergy Yield Ratio; EYR) that must be evaluated for energy sources to better understand their potential contributions to society, but more important, as an indicator of the changes needed in the future if lower net yielding sources are to be relied upon. An aggregate EYR was calculated for the USA economy and shown to have decreased by 38% since 1950, from 11/1 to 6.8/1. Several measures of efficiency at the scale of national economies are explored and the data suggest that the most efficient economies are also the most energetically intense (as measured by empower intensity). An index of environmental loading is suggested as a measure to evaluate environmental efficacy. An obvious outcome is that the smallest most energetically intense countries have the highest environmental loads, and those with large land area and/or continental shelves have the lowest ratios. An Emergy Sustainability Index (EmSI) is defined, computed for countries, and proposed as a multi-dimensional measure of long-term sustainability. The most sustainable economies are those with the highest EYR and lowest environmental loads.     

Do bumble bee queens choose nest sites to maximize foraging rate? Testing models of nest site selection

We proposed “foundress-max” hypothesis that a bumble bee foundress chooses her nest site to maximize her energy intake rate from nectar. To examine the hypothesis, we estimated the maximum energy intake rate at each site in the study area and compared the distribution of the maximum energy intake rates with those of actual nest sites. We also calculated rank correlations of the maximum energy intake rate with the number of nest-searching foundresses at 54 sites. The nest locations supported the foundress-max hypothesis, but the number of nest-searching foundresses did not. This could be attributed to the density of food sites: many food sites may attract many foundresses. Therefore, we subsequently proposed “foundress-sum” hypothesis that a foundress chooses her nest site to maximize the sum of energy intake rates. The nest locations supported the foundress-max hypothesis more than the foundress-sum hypothesis. A profitable food site would affect foundresses’ nest site selection.     

滨海新区能源消费驱动因素完全分解研究

运用完全分解模型详细研究了2000-2007年间滨海新区能源消费总量变化的过程。结果表明,2000-2007年期间,经济规模扩张因素所产生的增长效应对滨海新区能源消费总量的持续增长起主导作用。与此同时,产业结构的变动对能源消费的减量作用为负面的,技术进步因素产生的能源强度效应则是推动滨海新区能源消费减量的主要因素。笔者认为,推动产业结构的跨越式演进以及在未来城市规划中增加能源消费总量约束性的发展指标是滨海新区实现能源消费总量降低的重要途径和手段。