基于IPAT模型的江苏省能源消费与碳排放情景研究

利用环境负荷模型与"脱钩"理论,对江苏未来中长期的经济发展、能源需求与CO2排放进行了情景分析,并结合当前的环境政策,对三种情景下主要指标的参数和结果进行了设计与分析。研究表明,资源节约型与环境友好型社会的构建,低碳情景是江苏能源-经济-社会的协调发展最合适、也是最现实的方案;通过不同情景的比较,认为低碳情景的实现一定程度上是以减缓经济增长来实现节能减排目标的;低碳情景下能源需求与CO2排放也将明显快速增加,与2007年相比,2030年能源需求总量将增加1.431倍,碳排放总量将达到15 655×104t,未来20 a能源资源的有效供应与合理利用成为制约低碳经济发展的瓶颈因素。最后给出了实现节能减排、促进低碳经济发展的相关建议。     

不确定条件下碳税政策对北京市能源环境系统影响研究

在考虑碳税政策情景下,构建了北京市能源环境系统规划模型,分析了碳税政策对北京市能源环境系统的影响.结果表明,到2020年北京市煤炭的用量将压减到[921.7, 1000]万t标准煤;相反,天然气和电力的使用量将分别增加到[2000.7, 2089.3]万t标准煤和[1950.3, 2183.8]万t标准煤;此外,本研究还分析了碳税政策对CO2及大气污染物(SO2、NOx和PM10)的排放变化情况.到2020年碳税情境下的结果较无碳税情境下的相比, CO2的减排比例达到[9.0, 11]%, SO2、NOx和PM10的协同减排比例分别达到[9.0, 11]%,[19, 31]%和[19, 20]%.     

邕江南宁市区段表层沉积物典型抗生素污染特征

利用超声提取、固相萃取和HPLC-MS/MS分析方法对邕江南宁市区段沉积物典型抗生素污染进行研究,结果表明,大环内酯类、磺胺类和甲氧苄氨嘧啶10种抗生素中共检出9种,抗生素总浓度范围为1.08~30.84ng/g(均值5.84ng/g).大环内酯类抗生素检出率达100%,为邕江的主要抗生素污染物,平均含量为1.14ng/g,分布上呈现邕江下游>中游>上游的趋势;磺胺和甲氧苄氨嘧啶类抗生素检出率为43%.其中磺胺类抗生素平均含量低于0.06ng/g,甲氧苄氨嘧啶(TMP)平均含量为1.00ng/g,分布上则为上游>下游>中游.来源分析表明生活污水及医疗废水的排放是下游沉积物大环内酯类抗生素含量较高的主要原因,而畜禽和水产养殖则是上游磺胺和甲氧苄氨嘧啶污染的主要来源.总体来说,与国内外河流相比,邕江抗生素含量尚处于较低水平,但抗生素抗性基因污染不容忽视.     

我国春季沙尘暴研究

利用GMS卫星遥感资料,结合地面气象观测资料和中尺度每小时数值模拟,对1998年4月和2000年4月发生的强沙尘大气演变过程进行了详细的分析,初步确定了影响我国的沙尘暴起始源地,并将我国的沙尘暴天气划分为U变化型（停滞型）和移动型（锋面气旋型等）．详细分析了低涡型沙尘暴和东北低涡型沙尘暴的发生、发展的宏观机制     

浅谈节能环保技术在园区中的应用

建筑行业的迅速发展,造成了大量资源耗损和环境污染.将节能环保理念应用到建筑和园区建设中,节约资源减少污染势在必行.分别从建筑保温、可再生能源的利用和生态建设三大方面介绍了节能环保技术在园区中的应用,并计算节能效果,结果表明,采用节能环保技术能大大减少碳及烟尘的排放量,有效地保护了环境.     

Sorption of organic compounds to activated carbons. Evaluation of isotherm models

Sorption to ‘hard carbon’ (black carbon, coal, kerogen) in soils and sediments is of major importance for risk assessment of organic pollutants. We argue that activated carbon (AC) may be considered a model sorbent for hard carbon. Here, we evaluate six sorption models on a literature dataset for sorption of 12 compounds onto 12 ACs and one charcoal, at different temperatures (79 isotherms in total). A statistical analysis, accounting for differences in the number of fitting parameters, demonstrates that the dual Langmuir equation is in general superior and/or preferable to the single and triple Langmuir equation, the Freundlich equation, a Polanyi–Dubinin–Manes equation, and the Toth equation. Consequently, the analysis suggests the presence of two types of adsorption sites: a high-energy (HE) type of site and a low-energy (LE) type of site. Maximum adsorption capacities for the HE domain decreased with temperature while those for the LE domain increased. Average Gibbs free energies for adsorption from the hypothetical pure liquid state at 298 K were fairly constant at −15 ± 4 and −5 ± 4 kJ mol⁻¹ for the HE and LE domain, respectively.     

我国湖泊的环境问题及治理对策

我国湖泊众多,类型多样,分布不均衡;以浅水、小型、老年消亡期为主,富营养化特征系浮游植物响应型为主;水源污染主要是富营养化和有机污染;污染治理对策应以生态系统修复为根本,控制陆源污染物为前提。     

Functional-ecological role of biological diversity in populations and communities

The functional role of differentiation with respect to local population density, expression of responses to the presence of other individuals, and body weight has been analyzed from an ecoenergetic standpoint with consideration of known mathematical laws. The results indicate that increased variation in these parameters (i.e., their higher diversity) improves the efficiency of energy flow through the animal population: the input of energy increases, while its expenditures decrease. The greatest effect is achieved when the population is divided into alternative modal groups.     

谈节能减排与创建绿色饭店

分析了在低碳经济的大背景下,饭店业节能减排是建设节约型、环境友好型经济,构建和谐社会的客观需求,也是行业发展的关键和制高点.绿色饭店创建浪潮在上世纪末的兴起,以其管理优势而备受业界推崇.同时节能减排是创建绿色饭店的必由之路,因此,饭店要倡导节能减排,积极探索节能减排途经并创建绿色饭店,这是饭店行业未来发展的必然趋势.     

System dynamics modelling of hybrid renewable energy systems and combined heating and power generator

The role of energy in the present world is critical in terms of both economical development and environmental impact. Renewable energy sources are considered essential in addressing these challenges. As a result, a growing number of organisations have been adopting hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) to reduce their environmental impact and sometimes take advantage of various incentives. When a HRES is being planned, the ability to model a HRES can provide an organisation with numerous benefits including the capability of optimising sub-systems, predicting performances and carrying out sensitivity analysis. In this paper, we present a comprehensive system dynamics model of HRES and combined heating and power (CHP) generator. Data from a manufacturing company using HRES and CHP generator are used to validate the model and discuss important findings. The results illustrate that the components of a HRES can have conflicting effects on cost and environmental benefits; thus, there is a need for an organisation to make trade-off decisions. The model can be a platform to further simulate and study the composition and operating strategies of organisations that are venturing to adopt new or additional HRESs.