三峡库区太阳能资源基本特征及其演变

利用1961-2007年的日照时数建模计算了三峡库区的太阳辐射,在此基础上对库区的太阳能资源作了全面分析和评价。结果表明：库区年总辐射量介于3200～4400MJ/m²,与德国等太阳能利用大国相当;“下游多,上游少”是资源空间分布的基本特征,且在秋、冬季差异更为明显;资源的年变化具有“夏大冬小”的特点,同时呈典型“双峰结构”,最大和次大峰值分别出现在8月和5月;库区上游太阳能季节差异大,而中、下游四季差异相对较小;库区太阳辐射以散射辐射为主（平均为64%）,上游尤其明显;1961-2007年,资源量与直射比均呈明显下降趋势,且在夏、冬季下降尤为显著,分析表明这与轻雾日数和霾日数的增加有关;自20世纪90年代初起,资源量开始回升,有利于库区太阳能的开发利用。     

灾后重建土地利用规划环评重点内容解析与实证

在对四川汶川灾后重建土地利用规划环境影响评价区域与评价对象特征进行分析的基础上,对规划实施的主要资源环境制约因素进行了识别与分析,进而分析并确定了其评价要点;结合灾后重建土地规划环评实践工作,对评价重点内容与要点进行了初步应用。     

Cr/γ-Al_2O_3对乙酸乙酯的催化燃烧

使用浸渍法制备不同负载量的Cr/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂,研究乙酸乙酯的催化燃烧.BET,XRD结果表明,Cr在γ-Al_2O_3上负载存在分散阈值效应,负载量在阈值以下时呈单层分散形式,在超过阈值时Cr形成结晶,实验测得单层分散阈值与理论计算一致.Raman结果表明Cr在单层分散时为Cr~(6+),而在非单层分散时为Cr_2O_3.催化乙酸乙酯燃烧的活性研究显示,阈值效应对催化活性有显著影响:催化活性在单层分散阈值时最好,此时活化能最高,指前因子最大.     

污泥热水解技术研究进展

热水解可以改善污泥的生物降解性能和脱水性能,提高后续厌氧消化系统中有机物的去除率。本文阐述了热水解对污泥物理特性主要包括流变特性和脱水行为的影响;分析了热水解对污泥中氨氮浓度及对厌氧消化的作用;同时介绍了热水解技术对整个污泥处理系统能量需求的影响。指出：热水解改善了污泥的厌氧消化性能,提高了沼气等再生资源的产量,且厌氧消化产生的沼气量与热水解技术所需的能量基本平衡。     

Characteristics of the vibrating-mesh minimum ignition energy testing apparatus for dust clouds

A novel apparatus for testing the minimum ignition energies of flammable dusts is introduced. Unlike the conventional apparatus (the Hartmann tube), this new apparatus employs a vibrating mesh to produce a dust cloud. Using three kinds of powders, namely lycopodium, anthraquinone and polyacrylonitrile, which are designated as the samples for calibration by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC, 1994) standards, fundamental characteristics were experimentally investigated. Concerning the minimum ignition energies (MIEs), the new testing apparatus worked well for two samples, lycopodium and polyacrylonitrile. The MIE for anthraquinone, however, was by far larger than the expected value. We concluded that the aggregation of anthraquinone particles is the main cause of the difference and is attributable to both the tribo-charges acquired by the particles when passing through the mesh and the filamentary shape of the crystal. Other essential factors for characterizing the testing apparatus, such as the concentration of dust, the shape and spacing of the sparking electrode system, and the impedance of the sparking circuit are discussed.     

电子设备机房空调供冷量探讨

电子设备机房的空调供冷量与普通办公室相差甚远 ,介绍了其计算方法和影响空调制冷设备实际制冷量的因素     

USING CLIMATE FORECASTS FOR WATER MANAGEMENT: ARIZONA AND THE 1997–1998 EL NIÑO1

ABSTRACT: Unrelenting pressure on limited surface water supplies requires increasingly sophisticated water management approaches. Climate forecasts of seasonal precipitation and temperature are potentially useful, but the operational water management community currently underutilizes them. However, some agencies in Arizona took unprecedented advantage of forecasts for a potentially wet winter during the 1997–1998 El Niño event. This study investigates use of this information through a series of semi‐structured in‐depth interviews with key personnel from agencies responsible for emergency management and water supply; their jurisdictions ranged from urban to rural and local to regional. Interviews investigated information acquisition, interpretation, and incorporation into specific decisions and actions. While unprecedented actions were taken by some water management agencies and no agencies implemented inappropriate measures, some missed opportunities for more effective response, primarily through inaction. This study reveals a variety of technical factors and institutional characteristics affecting forecast use. Study findings emphasize the need for: (a) closer ongoing relationships between forecast producers and users, (b) increased institutional flexibility to exploit the increasing skill of seasonal climate forecasts, (c) demonstration projects of effective forecast use, and (d) a regional forum to facilitate information transfer between the hydro‐climatic research community and operational water managers.     

我国各级城市用地规模合理性的比较研究

本文在反思国内外对城市用地规模研究的基础上,通过数量分析研究了我国各等级城市用地规模的合理性,比较说明了具体城市现状用地规模的合理与否,最后指出我国在大力提高城市化水平的过程中应特别重视土地的可持续利用问题。     

我国农村能源发展方针调整问题探讨

我国农村能源发展方针是“因地制宜,多能互补,综合利用,讲求效益”,这是在短缺经济的背景下,针对能源危机而提出来的。目前我国农村的社会、经济及其能源供需结构形势发生了重大变化,大量商品能进入农村市场,农村能源面临着结构升级和如何现代化的问题,原十六字方针因缺少生态观和市场观,已不符合现时和未来农村能源可持续发展的实际。文章提出了农村能源发展的十八字方针“因地制宜,生态兴能,市场调节,讲求综合效益”,并逐一对新方针中的论点进行了阐述,提出了我国应以生物质二次能源与商品能源整合的可持续能源的发展理念,提出了实施新方针的有关举措。     

中国可再生能源GIS的设计与开发

可再生能源资源具有的可再生性和清洁性,使其逐渐成为世界性的能源建设发展方向。根据可再生能源的特殊自然属性,建立了包括:资源监测指标、设备指标、经济评价指标、环境评价指标的一套稳定、可操作的指标体系,并依照此体系开发了中国可再生能源地理信息系统。系统采用GeomediaProfessional平台,基于Client/Server模式,是第一个全国范围的可再生能源资源GIS,它实现了对中国可再生能源资源中的风能、太阳能、生物质能、地热能四种能源资源的空间、属性数据的统一管理和动态监测。同时,利用GIS特有的空间分析功能,结合资源开发评估模型,为中国可再生能源资源的开发和利用提供辅助决策支持。