化学生物絮凝-悬浮填料移动床组合工艺处理城市污水研究

采用化学生物絮凝和悬浮填料移动床组合工艺处理城市污水。通过改变化学生物絮凝工艺中投加的混凝剂种类和投加量、改变悬浮填料移动床工艺中水力停留时间和气水比取得不同工况条件下各类污染指标的去除效果。采用该组合工艺,当进水COD(89～319)mg/L,TP(1.24～4.26)mg/L,SS(44～240)mg/L,NH4 -N(14.7～36.3)mg/L时,出水可达到COD<50mg/L,TP<0.5mg/L,SS<20mg/L,NH4 -N<5mg/L。     

Fenton试剂催化氧化--混凝法处理焦化废水的实验研究

用Fenton试剂结合自制聚硅硫酸铝对焦化废水进行了催化氧化—混凝试验研究 ,选择了最佳的工作条件。结果表明 ,经氧化—混凝处理后废水的COD从 1 1 73mg/L降至 38.2mg/L ,去除率达 96 .7%。研究中还发现 ,Fenton试剂具有将废水的 pH值调节为 2 .5～ 3的特性 ,为该工艺实际处理焦化废水提供了科学依据     

生活污水混凝处理试验研究

通过混凝实验,比较了明矾、碱式氯化铝、聚合铝、聚铁以及硫酸铁5种混凝剂强化处理生活污水的效果,并分析了pH对COD、总磷去除率的影响。铝系混凝剂处理效果好于铁系混凝剂。     

Evaluation of activated sludge properties’ changes in industrial-wastewater pre-treatment: role of residual aluminum hydrolyzed species with different polymerization degree

● Medium poly Al salts dominated the PAC residual salts with a rational dosage. ● Settlement flocculation effect under medium poly Al salts showed a better trend. ● Complex of medium poly Al salts and enzymes promoted cell activity. ● Medium poly Al salts were beneficial to the effluent indexes. With the widespread introduction of pre-coagulation prior to the biological unit in various industrial wastewater treatments, it is noteworthy that long-term accumulation of residual coagulants has certains effect on both micro and macro characteristics of activated sludge (AS). In this study, the morphology distributions of residual aluminum salts (RAS) and their effects on the removal efficiency of AS were investigated under different PAC concentrations. The results showed that the dominance of medium polymeric RAS, formed under an appropriate PAC dose of 20 mg/L enhanced the hydrophobicity, flocculation, and sedimentation performances of AS, as well as the enzymatic activity in cells in the sludge system, improving the main pollutants removal efficiency of the treatment system. Comparatively the species composition with monomer and dimer / high polymer RAS as the overwhelming parts under an over-dosed PAC concentration of 55 mg/L resulted in excessive secretion of EPS with loose flocs structure and conspicuous inhibition of cellular activity, leading to the deterioration of physico-chemical and biological properties of AS. Based on these findings, this study can shed light on the role of the RAS hydrolyzed species distributions, closely relevant to Al dosage, in affecting the comprehensive properties of AS and provide a theoretical reference for coagulants dosage precise control in the pretreatment of industrial wastewater.     

EBPR中两类细菌PAOs和GAOs竞争的研究进展

强化生物除磷(EBPR)工艺可以获取高效的除磷效果,已在很多污水处理厂得到广泛应用。但是大型污水处理厂在相当多的条件下,EBPR工艺也会出现周期性除磷效果的波动和不充分。针对这一难题,研究者试图采用许多手段来研究工艺中的主要微生物。文章针对典型的EBPR工艺和碳源、pH值、温度等因素对EBPR工艺中两类细菌聚磷菌(PAOs)和聚糖菌(GAOs)竞争的研究进展进行了论述,并展望了未来的研究方向。     

A review on application of flocculants in wastewater treatment

Flocculation is an essential phenomenon in industrial wastewater treatment. Inorganic coagulants (salts of multivalent metals) are being commonly used due to its low cost and ease of use. However, their application is constrained with low flocculating efficiency and the presence of residue metal concentration in the treated water. Organic polymeric flocculants are widely used nowadays due to its remarkable ability to flocculate efficiently with low dosage. However, its application is associated with lack of biodegradability and dispersion of monomers residue in water that may represent a health hazard. Therefore, biopolymers based flocculants have been attracting wide interest of researchers because they have the advantages of biodegradability and environmental friendly. But, natural flocculants are needed in large dosage due to its moderate flocculating efficiency and shorter shelf life. Thus, in order to combine the best properties of both, synthetic polymers are grafted onto the backbone of natural polymers to obtain tailor-made grafted flocculants. This paper gives an overview of the development of different types of flocculants that were being investigated for treatment of industrial wastewater. Furthermore, their flocculation performance will be reviewed and the flocculation mechanism will be discussed.     

花岗石加工废水絮凝处理技术的研究

针对花岗石加工废水的特点,选用无机高分子絮凝剂(聚合氯化铝)与有机高分子絮凝剂(聚丙烯酰胺)进行复配试验,研究絮凝剂对花岗石加工废水的降浊效果。首先通过设计影响絮凝的单因子试验与正交试验,获得影响絮凝效果的主次因子顺序(絮凝剂配比>絮凝剂用量>搅拌转速>溶液pH值)与最佳絮凝工艺条件;然后依此对花岗石加工废水进行絮凝处理,使其达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级排放标准;最后给出采用该技术的吨水投资成本与运行成本。该处理技术具有出水水质好,操作简单,成本低廉等特点。     

A new polystyrene-latex-based and EPS-containing synthetic sludge

Since the living microorganisms in activated sludge continuously change, it is difficult to conduct controlled experiments and achieve reproducible results for evaluating sludge characteristics. Synthetic sludge, as a chemical surrogate to activated sludge, could be used to investigate the sludge physicochemical properties, and it is desirable to prepare synthetic sludge with similar structure and properties to real activated sludge to explore the flocculation and settlement processes in activated sludge systems. In this work, a high-strength synthetic sludge was prepared with functional polystyrene latex particles as the framework and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to modify its surface. The flocculation and settling characteristics of the microspheres and the prepared synthetic sludge were tested. Compared with other three functional polystyrene latex microspheres, the synthetic sludge prepared with EPS-modified polystyrene latex microspheres showed good settling characteristics and a significantly higher strength. They could be used for studying the physicochemical properties of activated sludge.     

厌氧/好氧交替快速筛选聚磷菌及其生理特性的研究

通过厌氧/好氧交替的平板筛选方法,快速的筛选出除磷率高于60%的高效聚磷菌15株,并对其进行16S rDNA和生理生化测定,除2株为芽孢杆菌外,其余均为γ变形菌纲,主要以Klebsiella sp.和Pseudomonas sp.为主.菌种除磷实验表明,聚磷菌除磷能力越高,发酵终点pH值越高.聚磷菌反投加实验表明,与活性污泥52%的除磷率相比,投加后除磷率可达到73.3%,可以有效提高活性污泥的除磷能力.     

亚微涡旋的混凝作用研究

以粒子图像速度场仪(PIV)测得了Taylor-Couette反应器旋转内筒和固定外筒间的环隙流场图像.所得图像表明环隙间存在亚微尺度的涡旋.同时实验研究了在Taylor-Couette反应器环隙间不同涡旋形态下聚合氯化铝(PAC)对高岭土悬浊液的混凝效能.结果表明,在波涡流(WVF)形态范围内混凝效能达到了最大(50%以上),这可归因于涡的闭合特性及其随时间的膨胀和收缩.但在波涡流形态范围以外得到的混凝效能相对较低,可归因于相互连通的非闭合涡特性.