强化混凝与优化混凝在常规水处理中的运用

通过对强化混凝及优化混凝的机理、影响因素和研究实践情况的讨论综述,提出在常规水处理中强化及优化混凝环节是既能提高出水水质,又较为经济合理适合国情的方案。同时提出在水厂实际生产中实现强化／优化混凝需考虑进行的几方面的工作。     

壳聚糖改性铝污泥对铜绿微囊藻的絮凝去除

采用给水厂副产物铝污泥代替黏土作为下沉载体,利用壳聚糖改性,将其用于铜绿微囊藻的絮凝去除.结果表明,壳聚糖与铝污泥以1：50的质量比复合改性后除藻效果明显提高：对于藻密度约为4.88×10⁶cells/mL的含藻水,当改性铝污泥最佳投加量为0.25g/L,30min后藻密度和浊度去除率分别达到100%和98.92%,形成的絮体完整紧实,分形维数值为1.719.通过Zeta电位、SEM等表征分析,此过程主要依靠壳聚糖、铝污泥及藻类之间的"电性中和"与"吸附架桥"等的作用,混凝絮凝过程快速高效且投加量小,最佳环境pH值介于7~9.5,外加NaCl、CaCl₂在离子强度较低情况下基本不影响絮凝沉淀过程.加之铝污泥对水体中的磷具有良好的吸附作用,因此壳聚糖改性铝污泥对淡水水体中铜绿微囊藻的去除及生长抑制具有良好的效果,实现了"以废治污".     

Effects of alkalinity on interaction between EPS and hydroxy-aluminum with different speciation in wastewater sludge conditioning with aluminum based inorganic polymer flocculant

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) form a stable gel-like structure to combine with water molecules through steric hindrance, making the mechanical dewatering of wastewater sludge considerably difficult. Coagulation/flocculation has been widely applied in improving the sludge dewatering performance, while sludge properties (organic fraction and solution chemistry conditions) are highly changeable and have important effects on sludge flocculation process. In this work, the alkalinity effects on sludge conditioning with hydroxy-aluminum were comprehensively investigated, and the interaction mechanisms between EPS and hydroxy-aluminum with different speciation were unraveled. The results showed that the effectiveness of hydroxy-aluminum conditioning gradually deteriorated with increase in alkalinity. Meanwhile, the polymeric hydroxy-aluminum (Al₁₃) and highly polymerized hydroxy-aluminum (Al₃₀) were hydrolysed and converted into amorphous aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)₃), which changed the flocculation mechanism from charge neutralization and complexing adsorption to hydrogen bond interaction. Additionally, both Al₁₃ and Al₃₀ showed higher binding capacity for proteins and polysaccharides in EPS than monomeric aluminum and Al(OH)₃. Al₁₃ and Al₃₀ coagulation changed the secondary structure of proteins in EPS, which caused a gelation reaction to increase molecular hydrophobicity of proteins and consequently sludge dewaterability. This study provided a guidance for optimizing the hydroxy-aluminum flocculation conditioning of sludge with high solution alkalinity.     

聚烃基烷酸转化对强化生物除磷影响研究

通过丙酸和乙酸C-mol比为0.5和2的合成废水驯化微生物的SBR反应器(SBR1和SBR2)批式实验,研究了强化生物除磷系统中聚烃基丁酸(PHB)和聚烃基戊酸(PHV)的转化对磷吸收/释放及去除率的影响.结果显示,磷的释放/吸收和去除率与PHB和PHV的转化有很好的相关性(R²>0.90).回归系数表明,特定废水驯化的污泥,磷的吸收和释放主要受PHB转化的影响,但磷的去除率却主要依赖于PHV的合成与降解;对于不同比例丙酸/乙酸废水驯化污泥,SBR2比SBR1污泥的PHB合成和降解能力增强,PHV合成和降解能力减小,生物除磷效果平均增加16.69%.因此,进水丙酸/乙酸比例及驯化影响聚磷微生物的PHB/PHV转化量,进而影响对磷的吸收/释放和除磷效果,PHB与PHV的转化量应作为生物除磷系统的关键调控因素考虑.     

絮凝沉降法处理含油废水的絮凝优化复配研究

气浮法是含油废水处理的常用方法,但该法工艺复杂,操作要求高.乌鲁木齐铁路局哈密机务段用气浮法处理含油废水,使用的聚合氯化铝-聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂配方的效率及安全性欠佳,为此提出了用聚乙烯亚胺-活化硅酸-可溶性淀粉3种絮凝剂复配投加的絮凝沉降法.研究表明,本法可使废水中油的去除率达到93.9%,COD去除率达82.2%,浊度去除率达92.3%,具有去除效率高、无毒安全和处理成本低的优点,有望取代原有方法及药剂配方,具有推广应用价值.