CTMAB增强调控沉积物(生物膜)吸附BPA的作用

研究了经十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS]、曲拉通(TX-100)和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)改性前后的沉积物(生物膜)吸附双酚A(BPA)的能力,并分析了CTMAB在沉积物(生物膜)吸附BPA过程中的增强机理及表面吸附和分配作用在总吸附中的贡献.研究结果表明,三种表面活性剂对沉积物(生物膜)吸附BPA的促进作用大小...     

垃圾处理设施环境监测现状及存在问题浅析

当今社会,随着人们环保意识的不断提升,相关环境保护的法律法规也对环境的质量提出了更高的要求和标准,对城市垃圾的处理问题也越来越受到人们的关注。文章简要概述了垃圾处理设施环境检测的意义,对其现状和存在问题进行分析,并提出相应的合理化建议。     

基于网络层次分析法的石油化工设施安全风险评估

为评估石油化工设施的安全风险,提出了一种基于网络层次分析法的安全风险评估模型。在构建石油化工设施安全风险网络层次分析模型的基础上,采用Saaty标度法对安全风险参数进行量化,利用SD软件对安全风险参数进行排序。仿真结果表明,网络层次分析法考虑了安全风险参数之间的相互作用和相互影响,能改进基于线性组合关系的递阶层次分析模型的不足,评估结果可为石油化工企业制定安全风险管理措施提供决策依据。     

Selection of appropriate organic additives for enhancing Zn and Cd phytoextraction by hyperaccumulators

Chelant-enhanced phytoextraction is one of the most promising technologies to remove heavy metals from soil. The key of the technology is to choose suitable additives in combination with a suitable plant. In the present study, laboratory batch experiment of metal solubilization, cress seeds germination were undertaken to investigate the metal-mobilizing capability and the phytotoxicity of organic additives, including ethylene diamine triacetic acid （EDTA）, citric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, glutamine and monosodium glutamate waste liquid （MGWL） from food industry. Experiments in pots were carried out to study the effects of the additives on Zn and Cd phytoextraction. Furthermore, a leaching experiment with lysimeter was performed to evaluate the environmental risks of additive-induced leaching to underground water. The results showed that EDTA had a strong mobilizing ability for Zn and Cd, followed by mixed reagent （MR） and MGWL. MGWL and acetic acid at 5 mmol equivalent per liter resulted in seed germination index less than 2%. Experiments in pots verified the phytotoxicity of acetic acid and MGWL. Addition of the mixed reagent at 6--10 mmol/kg significantly increased Zn phytoextraction by Thlaspi caerulescens. The same for EDTA and the mixed reagent at 10 mmol/kg by Sedum dfredii. But only mixed reagents could significantly increase Cd phytoextraction by the studied hyperaccumulators. This suggested that the strong chelant was not always the good agent to enhance phytoextraction. S. alfredii combined with 2--10 mmol/kg soil MR was preferred for phytoremediation of Cd/Zn contaminated soils in southern China, this could result in high phytoextraction of Cd/Zn and reduce the leaching risk to underground water than EDTA assisted phytoextration.     

Rainfall Interception Based on Indirect Methods: A Case Study in Temperate Forests in Oaxaca,Mexico

Rainfall interception represents the amount of water trapped in natural cover that is not drained directly to the ground. Intercepted rainfall may evaporate after a rain event, making it one of the main drivers of water balance and hydrologic regionalization. This process can be affected by factors such as climate, altitude, vegetation type, and topography. Here is a simple method of calculating rainfall interception in temperate forests using in Santa Maria Yavesia, Oaxaca, and Mexico as an illustrative study area. We used two rain gauges to measure net precipitation (N_p) under the canopy at each study site and one gauge outside the canopy to obtain gross precipitation (G_p). Throughfall (T_h) was indirectly measured using hemispherical photographs. Rainfall interception was obtained through a combination T_h and G_p and N_p. The mean rainfall interception was 50.6% in the Abies forests, 23%–40% in the coniferous‐mixed forests, and 27.4% in the broad‐leaved forests. We classified rainfall events by intensity to determine the effect of canopy structure and precipitation and found that 75% of the events were weak events, 24% were moderate events, and 1% were strong events. In addition, we found that rainfall interception was lower when the intensity of precipitation was higher. Our method can be replicated in different ecosystems worldwide as a tool for assessing the influence of rainfall interception in terms of ecological services.     

分散式污水处理设施集约化管理创新探索

随着近年来大量农村污水处理设施的新建,项目污水处理设施面广、点多、单体规模小、污染物浓度变化大、经营困难等问题凸显,如何突破困境找到一条相对适合分散式污水处理设施的运营管理十分必要。本文提出了集约化管理创新探索,在生产标准化管理、人力资源管理、安全管理、设备设施管理及物资管理等方面全方位的总结了运营管理经验,为分散式污水处理设施管理提供了参考和借鉴。     

响应面法优化预氧化强化混凝处理铁锰地下水

以KMnO_4为氧化剂,Al_2(SO_4)_3·18H_2O为混凝剂,含铁锰离子地下水为模拟用水,考察预氧化强化混凝法的效果。利用响应面设计试验,分析氧化剂投加量、混凝剂投加量和pH值对铁锰去除的交互作用。模型优化结果显示,在氧化剂投加量4.16 mg/L,混凝剂投加量263.68 mg/L,pH值为7.54的最佳工艺参数下,铁锰去除率分别可达98.22%和97.49%。     

重庆长江广阳岛生态修复设计与实践探索

广阳岛的生态修复设计以"长江风景眼,重庆生态岛"为价值追求,聚焦"生态"和"风景".生态修复设计围绕"摸清本底、自然恢复、生态修复、增加生物多样性"四个核心方面展开,通过运用土壤改良技术、海绵理水技术和生态疏田技术等生态修复技术提升生态修复科技内涵,使生态修复后的广阳岛以生态为魂、以风景为象.一期按照四种模式完成生态修...     

臭氧对有机物混凝的影响

采用PDA(Photometric Disperse Analysis)和有机物表观分子量分级、有机物化学极性分级技术从絮体形成过程、絮体表现、有机物分子水平变化等方面研究了臭氧预氧化对混凝过程的影响;并对比了不同混凝剂在预臭氧条件下的混凝过程和效率.结果表明:臭氧预氧化对混凝过程有复杂的影响,其剂量和水体有机物特征决定了其对混凝的整体影响效果.有机物分级显示,臭氧化对有机物结构有重要影响,导致有机物极性、亲水性组分含量大幅提高(36.7%),小分子量组分(<10×10³)大幅增高(100%左右);但总的DOC去除率不高(3.28%).对PACl而言,在中、低剂量(O₃/TOC<0.7)下,臭氧对絮体形成过程影响较小,但对絮体沉降性和浊度去除已经有阻碍作用.在中、高剂量下(O₃/TOC>0.7),对絮体形成有显著滞后,浊度、有机物去除效率下降.AlCl₃对臭氧化作用反应敏感,臭氧化在试验剂量条件下,对絮体形成和浊度、有机物去除都有明显的阻碍作用.     

低强度超声波强化污水生物处理机制

研究发现低强度的超声辐照可以有效促进微生物的活性,可将其用于强化污水的生物处理,通过增强反应器内微生物的活性来提高污水的处理效率.本文综述了超声波在生物工程和生物学上的国内外研究成果,对低强度超声波的生物效应以及在促进生物活性中的主要作用机制进行了探讨,并分析了其在强化污水生物处理中的应用前景.