海上/岸边储运设施溢油环境风险应急分析

文章分析了海上/岸边油品储运设施的溢油特点,并从溢油流入附近水体后产生的环境风险角度出发,探讨国内外针对溢油事故的法律框架、环境应急反应体系、环境应急响应和应急处置措施。分析在环境应急反应方面国内应对溢油事故存在的问题,为今后在溢油事故环境应急反应方面提出合理化建议。     

广州市生活垃圾处理设施的调查、监测与分析

通过对广州市城市生活垃圾处理设施的调查及其排放污染物的监测和分析,阐述了广州市城市生活垃圾处理设施的特点,并提出了规范城市生活垃圾填埋场建设、加强垃圾填埋场管理、减少其对周围环境的影响和发展生活垃圾焚烧发电技术等建议.     

A Biosurfactant-Enhanced Soil Flushing for the Removal of Phenanthrene and Diesel in Sand

In order to examine the potential of biosurfactants in soil remediation, and to investigate the effects of several operating conditions, such as flow rate, biosurfactant concentration and surfactant type, biosurfactant-enhanced soil flushing was conducted. In the biosurfactant-enhanced soil flushing process, the removal efficiency increased as the flow rate decreased. Rhamnolipid showed no effect on the removal efficiency of phenanthrene and diesel from sand in the concentration range 0.3-0.5%. However, rhamnolipid showed higher efficiencies for the removal of phenanthrene and diesel from sand than Tween 80. Based on total recovery, following an equivalent pore volume flush, it was more difficult to remove diesel than phenanthrene. In order to obtain the specific removal efficiency, more pore volumes of surfactant solution may be required in field applications. Under optimum conditions, the biosurfactant removed as much as 70% of the phenanthrene and 60% of the diesel in the sand. These results indicate that the use of biosurfactants in the flushing process is favorable, not only with respect to the environment, but also on removal efficiencies.     

Nutrients Can Enhance Phytoremediation of Copper-Polluted Soil by Indian Mustard

An orthogonally designed experiment was conducted to study the single and combined effects of N, P and K on phytoremediation of Cu-polluted soil by Indian mustard. Addition of fertilizer N and P significantly increased Indian mustard shoot yield. Two high treatments combined with N resulted in the highest yields, followed by low-P combined with N. In contrast, high P with no N gave no yield increase and K had no effect on yield of Indian mustard. Nitrogen and P increased the amount of chlorophyll in the leaves, indicating that the yield increases were due to enhanced photosynthesis. Nitrogen application had no effect on plant Cu concentrations but addition of P slightly decreased plant Cu concentrations, likely a dilution effect resulting from the increase in yield. Among the treatments, N and P applied at 100 and 200 mg kg^–1 respectively with no K application resulted in the highest Cu uptake. Thus, a combination of low N and high P produced a yield increase in Indian mustard that was more than adequate to compensate for a slight decrease in Cu concentration, resulting in the highest Cu removal from the contaminated soil.     

Environmental Management of Human Waste Disposal for Recreational Boating Activities

/ A methodology to estimate the number of pump-out facilities and dump stations required to service human waste disposal for recreational power boating activities in Pennsylvania during the 1994 boating season is described. Study results suggest that a total of 39 additional pump-out stations and 13 dump stations may be required on seven major waterbodies: The Three Rivers Area, Lake Erie/Presque Isle Bay, Raystown Lake, the Susquehanna River, the Delaware River, Lake Wallenpaupack, and the Kinzua Reservoir. Suggestions for improving the methodology are provided. KEY WORDS: Human waste; Recreation; Power boating; Waste facilities; Waste disposal; Pennsylvania     

乡镇企业污染治理设施运转分析

由于环境意识差、投资效益低、内部管理水平低技术人员缺乏、工程质量差和监督管理不力等原因，我国乡镇企业存在污染治理设施运转严重不正常的问题。为此，必须强化宣传、推行清洁生产，开展教育培训，提高管理水平，发展高技术产业，建立运营新机制，同时加强监督管理，以促进其运转率的提高。     

中小城市污水化学强化一级处理分析

在中小城市污水处理特点的基础上，分析了适宜中小城市污水处理的投融资方式，化学强化一级处理的工艺方法、效果及存在的问题。     

丙烯腈装置火灾爆炸危险指数评价

运用美国道化学公司的火灾、爆炸危险指数评价方法(第七版)，对丙烯腈装置的火灾爆炸危险性进行定量计算和评价，为装置的安全管理提供依据。     

无机陶瓷纳滤膜分离高钠盐废水中的锶

本实验研究表明,仅用截留分子量为1000的无机陶瓷纳滤膜分离高钠盐模拟溶液中的锶,分离效果并不理想.为提高陶瓷纳滤膜对锶的选择分离效果,选择了分子量为3000的聚丙烯酸作为陶瓷纳滤膜分离的强化剂,重点探讨了溶液pH值、聚丙烯酸浓度、温度及离子强度对模拟溶液盐分离效果和膜通量的影响,并得到了适宜的锶钠分离条件.实验结果表明,在适宜条件下,通过聚丙烯酸强化和两级分离,陶瓷纳滤膜可大大提高模拟溶液中锶离子的选择分离效果,锶/钠的分离因子高达205.     

HCA强化混凝预处理生活污水的效能及机理

通过单因素及正交试验,以聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（HCA）为混凝剂对模拟农村生活污水进行强化混凝预处理,考察了影响HCA混凝去除SS、TP及有机物的主要因素及其主次顺序,并以Zeta电位及分形维数对HCA的混凝机理进行了分析.结果表明,影响HCA处理效果的因素顺序为初始pH值值 > HCA投加量 > 絮凝搅拌时间 > 混合搅拌速度梯度 > 混合搅拌时间 > 絮凝搅拌速度梯度,在优化条件下HCA混凝对SS、TP及COD去除率最高分别达94.1%、74.9%及61.1%;当HCA投加量为15mg/L时,Zeta电位与絮体分形维数分别为-2.03mv及1.0149.试验表明HCA对生活污水具有较好的处理效果,强化混凝去除污染物的机理主要是电性中和作用.