藻-菌颗粒污泥中微生物胞外多糖特性研究

藻-菌颗粒污泥（Microalgal-bacterial granular sludge,MBGS）工艺在城市污水生物处理领域引起了越来越多的研究兴趣.胞外多糖（Polysaccharides,PS）是胞外聚合物（Extracellular polymeric substances,EPS）的重要组分,是维持颗粒稳定性的关键物质之一.研究了MBGS中PS的凝胶性能,以及松散结合的胞外聚合物（Loosely bound EPS,LB-EPS）和紧密结合的胞外聚合物（Tightly bound EPS,TB-EPS）中PS的含量、分布及单糖组成,并探究了MBGS的EPS中PS可能的微生物来源.结果表明,MBGS的PS具有凝胶性,主要分布在TB-EPS中,含量为 （40.06±2.30） mg·g^-1,其中半乳糖、葡萄糖和鼠李糖为主要单糖组分,而果糖和古罗糖醛酸未被检出.Thauera、Hydrogenophaga、Azoarcus和Acutodesmus是PS的主要微生物潜在来源.本文研究结果阐释了MBGS PS的基本特性,为MBGS工艺的稳定运行提供了理论基础.     

Highly efficient P uptake by Fe3O4 loaded amorphous Zr-La (carbonate) oxides: Electrostatic attraction, inner-sphere complexation and oxygen vacancies acceleration effect

Bimetallic oxides composites have received an increasing attention as promising adsorbents for aqueous phosphate (P) removal in recent years. In this study, a novel magnetic composite MZLCO was prepared by hybridizing amorphous Zr-La (carbonate) oxides (ZLCO) with nano-Fe₃O₄ through a one-pot solvothermal method for efficient phosphate adsorption. Our optimum sample of MZLCO-45 exhibited a high Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity of 96.16 mg P/g and performed well even at low phosphate concentration. The phosphate adsorption kinetics by MZLCO-45 fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model, and the adsorption capacity could reach 79% of the ultimate value within the first 60 min. The phosphate adsorption process was highly pH-dependent, and MZLCO-45 performed well over a wide pH range of 2.0-8.0. Moreover, MZLCO-45 showed a strong selectivity to phosphate in the presence of competing ions (Cl⁻, NO₃⁻, SO₄²⁻, HCO₃⁻, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺) and a good reusability using the eluent of NaOH/NaCl mixture, then 64% adsorption capacity remained after ten recycles. The initial 2.0 mg P/L in municipal wastewater and surface water could be efficiently reduced to below 0.1mg P/L by 0.07 g/L MZLCO-45, and the phosphate removal efficiencies were 95.7% and 96.21%, respectively. Phosphate adsorption mechanisms by MZLCO-45 could be attributed to electrostatic attraction and the inner-sphere complexation via ligand exchange forming Zr/La-O-P, -OH and CO₃²⁻ groups on MZLCO-45 surface played important roles in the ligand exchange process. The existence of oxygen vacancies could accelerate the phosphate absorption rate of the MZLCO-45 composites.     

突发性水体重金属污染应急处理处置技术研究进展

近年来突发性水体重金属污染事件频发,严重威胁流域水资源安全,制约国民经济和社会的可持续发展。尽管突发性水体重金属污染应急处理处置技术备受关注,但现有的技术储备仍十分薄弱。本文基于文献调研和已有的案例总结,系统评述了现有的应急处理处置技术的优缺点,并简要介绍了这些应急技术在已报道的国内历次突发性重金属水污染事件中的实践应用,指出了突发性重金属水污染应急处理处置技术的发展趋势,对于未来应对突发性重金属水污染事件快速选择经济、有效、绿色的应急处理处置技术和应对策略具有重要的参考价值。     

废弃物焚烧处理温室气体排放情景模拟与预测

为模拟废弃物焚烧处理过程中产生的温室气体排放,积极推动温室气体减排工作,早日实现碳达峰碳中和目标.基于系统动力学和IPCC温室气体排放计算方法,构建了以基准情景（BAU）为基础,从单一和综合技术类型减排情景出发的焚烧处理温室气体排放模型,并模拟预测了2010~2050年温室气体排放量（以CO_2e计,CO_2e为CO₂当量）的趋势变化、减排潜力以及空间分布.结果表明：①2010~2019年我国废弃物焚烧处理温室气体排放量呈增长趋势,于2016年后显著提升,年增速为18.61%.②2020~2050年,单一技术减排情景的中端改进情景（S2）和终端减排情景（S3）温室气体排放量分别于2043年和2036年达到峰值8410万t和6966万t.综合技术减排情景相较于单一技术减排情景较早达到排放峰值,综合技术减排情景中全过程减排情景（S7）采用多种减排技术协同控制温室气体排放,2050年累积排放量为205927万t,相对BAU情景减排了78.27%,排放达峰时间最早且减排潜力最大.③焚烧处理温室气体排放空间差异显著,排放量较多的省份主要分布在人口密集且经济发达的区域,江苏和广东省排放量最多,甘肃、吉林和宁夏等6个省份为排放低值区.     

Life cycle assessment analysis of active and passive acid mine drainage treatment technologies

Acid mine drainage (AMD), resulting from open-cast coal mining, is currently one of the largest environmental challenges facing the mining industry. In this study, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted to evaluate the environmental impacts associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of different AMD treatment options typically employed. LCA is a well-reported tool but is not documented for AMD treatment systems despite their ubiquitous implementation worldwide. This study conducted detailed LCA analysis for various passive and active AMD treatment approaches implemented or considered at a major coal mine in New Zealand using a comparative functional unit of kg acidity removed per day for each treatment option. Eight treatment scenarios were assessed including active limestone and hydrated lime treatments, and compared to passive treatments using limestone and waste materials such as mussel shells. Both midpoint and endpoint LCA impact categories were assessed. Generally, the active treatment scenarios demonstrated greater LCA impacts compared to an equivalent level of treatment for the passive treatment approaches. Lime slaking had the greatest LCA impacts, while passive treatment approaches incurred consistently less impacts except for one passive treatment with a purchased energy scenario. A 50% reduction in transportation distances resulted in the lowest LCA impacts for all scenarios. This study highlights the importance of evaluating the environmental and social impacts of AMD treatment for the mining industry.     

重金属废水处理技术研究进展

总结近年来重金属废水主要处理技术,指出重金属废水污染治理与重金属的回收利用相结合是未来治理的发展之路,也是技术开发与应用的方向。     

污泥堆肥技术现状及应用中需注意的问题

阐述了堆肥技术背景与基本原理。通过对国内示范项目运行情况的研究分析,提出了堆肥处理处置中应注意的工艺选择、处理规模、通风除臭、自动化与可靠性、减量化与稳定化,以及重金属、POPs、经营风险等问题。分析了堆肥处理处置全过程的经济成本,得出了该技术的参考运行成本;给出了该技术的适用条件和发展趋势。     

浅析珠三角地区有机废气治理技术的开发应用

珠江三角洲地区大气污染最明显的特点就是臭氧浓度的升高导致大气氧化性增强,而挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)和氮氧化物是大气臭氧生成的重要前体物。珠三角地区工业体系发达,VOCs的生产及使用企业众多,由于VOCs的种类繁多,性质各异,排放条件多样,目前已经形成了一系列的VOCs废气实用治理技术。     

脱硝工艺的技术比较

对包括SCR和SNCR在内的各种脱硝技术进行了比较,分析了各种脱硝方法的使用条件和特点,同时对未来脱硝技术的发展进行了预估,得出了优先选择SCR和SNCR,并发展各种脱硝技术的结论,为脱硝技术的选择与使用提供了技术参考。     

我国工业固体废物处理利用行业2013年发展综述

综述了我国工业固体废物处理利用行业2013年的发展环境形势和发展概况;介绍了2013年国内工业固体、危险废物及生活垃圾的产生量和处理情况;阐述并分析了目前国内固体废物处理技术和设施的现状;就行业发展存在的主要问题提出了建议.