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991.
Apart from the ethical argument around trade-off that individuals have to make between monetary and non-monetary value, application of stated preference method was exposed to another criticism related to the complexity of biodiversity issue and the capacity of the general public to provide accurate responses to willingness to pay elicitation survey. This paper tests how providing information about the ecological processes underlying forest management scenarios affects public preferences and their valuation of biodiversity in publicly owned forest land in France. The generalized multinomial logit models applied to choice experiment data suggests that all respondents adopt the same heuristics based on easily visible aspects of forest landscape, to reveal their use and nonuse values of biodiversity. However, when they receive additional ecological information, only those who are familiar with the biodiversity concept, have awareness of issues at stake, and have a regular use of forest tend to attach higher values to less known biodiversity component (fallen deadwood in this case). The paper concludes that “mass media campaign” has to be completed by environmental literacy programs, to improve people’s awareness and understanding of what biodiversity means from ecological functioning, then making economic valuation a useful tool from a conservation perspective. 相似文献
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Mountains are important global reservoirs of water resources. However they are highly vulnerable to climate change as limited alterations in temperature and precipitation may cause harmful effects to water systems. Southern Europe and especially Greece are expected to undergo a drought trend over the next decades, resulting in less recharge for the aquifers and water services reduction. Thus, climate change may distort both natural and socioeconomic characteristics of freshwater ecosystem services deteriorating the general social welfare related to them. This paper examines the economic impacts of climate change on river uses of the Aoos basin in Greece. In this regard, a choice experiment is conducted to estimate the value changes in different ecological and economic services in a mountain community. The econometric simulations using conditional logit, random parameters logit and latent class models reveal that despite existing preference heterogeneity, respondents on average derive positive and significant welfare effects from climate change adaptation measures. The findings of the survey may assist in adaptation planning for the Aoos River basin, with possible extensions to other river systems enduring similar climate change indications. 相似文献
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利用FLEXPART-WRF粒子扩散模式和Stohl等给出的福岛核事故137Cs排放数据,对日本福岛核事故放射性粒子扩散情况进行了数值模拟和有、无地形的敏感性试验;同时假定核污染物排放源位于日本高崎市的RN38站(36.3°N、139.1°E),对向东开口的V型特殊地形进行了敏感性试验. 福岛核事故数值模拟结果表明:放射性污染物的扩散路径、范围和强度既与天气形势有关,还与地形密切相关,不同天气或不同盛行风向条件下,地形的绕流和抬升作用对核污染物扩散输送态势的影响具有明显差异;在偏东气流影响下,由于地形作用,相比无地形时核污染物扩散偏西1个经度左右,偏高约0.5km. V型特殊地形敏感性试验结果表明:在合适的环流形势下(边界层为偏东风,中、高层为偏西风),由于V型地形的阻挡作用,可形成强烈上升运动区,核污染物主要向上、向东扩散输送,向上可扩散至3.0km以上,向东可扩散至145°E左右;而无地形时核污染物向上、向东影响范围减小,向东扩散至140°E,向上扩散至1.5km,但由于无地形阻挡和偏东风影响,向西扩散范围有所增加. 讨论了天气和地形条件对核电站选址的影响,不同天气形势下地形对核污染物扩散的影响并不相同,因此核电站选址应首先考虑选址地的大气环流背景和常见的天气系统,在此基础上再考虑地形的影响. 相似文献
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Crop residue removal and fertilizer N: Effects on soil organic carbon in a long-term crop rotation experiment on a Udic Boroll 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
R.L. Lemke A.J. VandenBygaart C.A. Campbell G.P. Lafond B. Grant 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2010,135(1-2):42-51
Biofuels can be produced by converting cellulose in crop residues to ethanol. This has recently been viewed as a potential supplement to non-renewable energy sources, especially in the Americas. A 50-yr field experiment was analyzed to determine the influence of (i) removing approximately 22% of the above-ground wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residue each crop year, and (ii) N and P fertilization on soil carbon (C) in the top 15 cm depth of a fallow–wheat–wheat (F–W–W) rotation. The study was conducted from 1958 to 2007 on a clay soil, at Indian Head in sub-humid southeast Saskatchewan, Canada. Soil C concentrations and bulk densities were measured in the 0–7.5 and 7.5–15 cm depths in 1987, 1996 and 2007 and soil C changes were related to C inputs estimated from straw and root yields calculated from regressions relating these to grain yields. Two soil organic matter models [the Campbell model and the Introductory Carbon Balance Model (ICBM)] were also used to simulate and predict the effects of the treatments on soil C change over time, and to estimate likely soil C change if 50% or 95% of above-ground residues were harvested each crop year. Crop residue removal reduced cumulative C inputs from straw and roots over the 50-yr experiment by only 13%, and this did not significantly (P > 0.05) reduce soil C throughout the experiment duration. However, after 50 yr of applying N fertilizer at recommended rates, soil C increased significantly by about 3 Mg ha−1 compared to the non-fertilized treatment. The simulated effect of removing 50% and 95% of the above-ground residues suggested that removing 50% of the straw would likely have a detectable effect on the soil C, while removing 95% of the straw certainly would. Measurements and model simulations suggest that adoption of no-tillage without proper fertilization will not increase soil C. Although it appears that a modest amount of residue may be safely removed from these Udic Borolls (Black Chernozems) without a measurable effect on soil C, this would only be feasible if accompanied by appropriate fertility management. 相似文献
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CQDs-doped TiO2(C-TiO2) has drawn increased attention in recent because of its excellent catalytic performance.Understanding the transport of C-TiO2 in porous media is necessary for evaluating the environmental process of this new nanomaterial.Column experiments were used in this study to investigate ionic strength(IS),dissolved organic matter(DOM)and sand grain size on the transport of C-TiO2.The mobility of C-TiO2 was inhibited by the incr... 相似文献
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