关于内部水汽含量测试结果的影响因素研究

采用正交试验法,研究分析影响内部水汽含量测试结果的因素,确定了主要影响因素及各个因素的影响强弱。根据研究结果改进内部气氛分析试验条件,提高了试验结果的准确性。     

采出水结垢机理及趋势预测研究

为了探究采出水结垢机理,预测结垢趋势,以便进一步采取防垢措施.从水中离子组成、热力学条件变化、结晶吸附等方面,分析了采出水结垢机理及其影响因素,介绍了国内外常用的结垢预测方法、结垢量预测方程及结垢预测的模拟实验,并对结垢预测方法和模拟实验的优缺点进行了对比分析.最后对结垢预测方法的发展及模拟实验的优化提出了展望,结垢预测应结合油田具体实际,考虑多方面因素;结垢趋势预测方法应更准确,应用更广泛,适用性更强.     

Biodegradation of hydrocarbons vapors: Comparison of laboratory studies and field investigations in the vadose zone at the emplaced fuel source experiment, Airbase Vaerløse, Denmark

The natural attenuation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the unsaturated zone can only be predicted when information about microbial biodegradation rates and kinetics are known. This study aimed at determining first-order rate coefficients for the aerobic biodegradation of 13 volatile petroleum hydrocarbons which were artificially emplaced as a liquid mixture during a field experiment in an unsaturated sandy soil. Apparent first-order biodegradation rate coefficients were estimated by comparing the spatial evolution of the resulting vapor plumes to an analytical reactive transport model. Two independent reactive numerical model approaches have been used to simulate the diffusive migration of VOC vapors and to estimate degradation rate coefficients. Supplementary laboratory column and microcosm experiments were performed with the sandy soil at room temperature under aerobic conditions. First-order kinetics adequately matched the lab column profiles for most of the compounds. Consistent compound-specific apparent first-order rate coefficients were obtained by the three models and the lab column experiment, except for benzene. Laboratory microcosm experiments lacked of sensitivity for slowly degrading compounds and underestimated degradation rates by up to a factor of 5. Addition of NH3 vapor was shown to increase the degradation rates for some VOCs in the laboratory microcosms. All field models suggested a significantly higher degradation rate for benzene than the rates measured in the lab, suggesting that the field microbial community was superior in developing benzene degrading activity.     

提高LIFAC法脱硫效率的工程实例

针对LIFAC法脱硫效率低的问题,从吸收剂的涡流循环喷钙装置、增强吸收剂的活性、抑制脱硫产物硫酸钙的高温分解等几个方面进行了剖析,并自制LIFAC法廉价喷钙剂,在佛山华丰纸业有限公司进行中试,取得了脱硫率平均90%以上的效果,最后,作者对该技术的优越性进行了评估。     

植被生化信息遥感提取的星地同步试验设计与实施

植物体内部生理生态过程对物质和能量的交换与传递起着重要作用,而植物体本身的生化物质含量影响和控制着这些过程的进行。随着成像光谱技术的发展,利用高光谱遥感数据估测植被生化信息成为遥感发展的前沿。论文以云南勐遮地区高光谱星地同步试验为例,详细介绍了试验中研究区与最佳观测时期选择、研究样点选择、试验内容、方法以及试验流程设计等,并着重比较星地同步试验与传统野外试验的区别,旨在为今后该类试验的设计与实施提供经验借鉴。结果表明,星地同步试验在设计和实施时必须充分考虑传感器本身的性能特点、观测数据获取时的潜在风险、遥感影像处理的需要以及卫星观测数据、地面光谱数据和生化数据等的同步性问题。     

Testing homogeneity of capture probabilities of animals in a removal experiment

Consider the removal experiment used to estimate population sizes. Statistical methods towards testing the homogeneity of capture probabilities of animals, including a graphical diagnostic and a formal test, are presented and illustrated by real biological examples. Simulation is used to assess the test and compare it with the χ² test.

垃圾渗滤液中污染物在包气带运移模拟实验及预测

为揭示垃圾渗滤液中污染物在包气带中的迁移转化规律,通过静态吸附、静态降解、动态土柱和数学模型预测等方法进行模拟实验。结果表明,包气带对污染物的吸附过程是线性的,即S=KdC,吸附系数Kd=0.0976;降解曲线符合一级动力学方程,即C=C0e-λt,降解系数λ=0.0324d-1;弥散过程符合对流-弥散迁移转化模型,弥散系数D=0.00435m2·d-1,由此确定了污染物迁移数学模型。通过动态土柱实验验证了模型的可靠性,并利用模型对垃圾渗滤液中有机污染物(COD)的时空分布进行预测。     

镍硅交联-有机柱撑改性膨润土的应用研究

制备了镍硅交联 有机柱撑改性膨润土 ,并应用于模拟废水、实验室废水 ,对水处理影响因素进行了优化 ,改性后膨润土对废水中CODCr、Cr6 + 、色度、浊度的去除率分别达到 4 8 8%、88 2 %、6 6 7%、85 9% ,处理效果显著。     

生物质气化发电厂洗焦废水生物处理的中试研究

为使生物质气化发电厂的洗涤废水得到有效的循环使用,在以废陶瓷片作为填料的生物膜反应器中,接种优势菌,对经过物化预处理的生物质气化洗涤废水进行处理,着重考察了不同工艺条件下,生物膜反应器对废水的处理效果.采用缺氧20h,好氧10h的处理工艺,可有效降低该废水的COD,当进水COD为584～923mg·L-1时,出水COD达到118 5～230 2mg L-1,COD的平均下降率为78 6%.     

不同实验条件下阿特拉津的生物降解研究

采用了从农药厂阿特拉津生产车间排污口污泥中分离出的菌种AT菌,进行了不同的pH值(pH=5.0～10.0)、不同的温度4～20℃条件下污染质阿特拉津的降解实验。结果表明,AT菌在pH值为5.0～10.0时对农药污染质阿特拉津均具有降解能力,且适宜的pH值范围为6.5～8.0;在4～20℃的实验温度范围内,AT菌能够降解代谢污染质,并随温度的升高,降解能力增强。20℃时降解率为38.84%。模拟治理中,设计了细菌的投放方式以模拟野外条件下的菌种投加条件,难于生物降解的污染质阿特拉津的一次投菌降解率达到31.08%。