西昆仑库地基性脉岩地球化学及构造意义

西昆仑北带库地一带广泛发育基性岩墙群(辉绿岩),其化学成分为拉斑质玄武岩系列。岩脉的微量元素与稀土元素具典型的板内溢流玄武岩特征,富集大离子亲石元素、轻稀土,稀土元素总量较高,弱的Eu正异常。Ta、Nb、Hf、Zr无亏损现象,反映岩脉未受到地壳物质的明显混染及经历了弱的结晶分异作用;而Sr、P明显亏损。则反映了亏损的源区性质,但不相容元素的比值表现出EMI特征,推测不相容元素富集是软流圈地幔上涌过程中低程度熔融所致。综合本文的研究及野外地质特征。表明辉绿岩是古塔里木南缘新元古代大陆裂解背景下的产物。     

产表面活性剂的石油降解菌降解特性研究

从石油化工厂附近的污染土壤中分离到一株产表面活性剂的石油降解菌,经鉴定为假单胞菌属,其生物表面活性剂的产量为0.53g/L。文章研究了该菌株在不同条件下的生长状况,并与两株不产表面活性剂的菌对比测定了其石油降解的效率,生物表面活性剂在此过程中起了重要作用。将表面活性剂产生菌与其它菌株组合能有效的提高菌株对石油的降解效率,最终使另外两种菌株的降解率分别提高了7.38%和18.33%。     

硫自养高氯酸盐还原菌培养与驯化

考察了以污水处理厂的好氧污泥作为接种污泥,以S0作为电子供体培养驯化硫自养高氯酸盐还原菌的过程,并利用PCR-DGGE技术对不同阶段的污泥样品进行群落分析。结果表明,接种污泥在经过短暂的适应期后能具有较高的还原ClO-4的性能,随着驯化时间的延长,降解速率显著提高。培养驯化过程中微生物种群结构发生了演替变化,菌种Dechloromonas sp.CL、Quadrisphaera granulorum、Comamonadaceae bacterium 32-4、Acidovorax caeni、filamentous bacterium Plant1Iso8、Candidatus Nitrospira defluvii存在整个驯化培养阶段。随着培养驯化时间的延长,菌种Bacteroidetes bacterium S22-33、Herbaspirillum huttiense逐渐消失,出现新菌种Methyloversatilis universalis、beta proteobacterium HTCC379、beta proteobacterium CDB21和Clostridium bifermentans,并逐渐成为优势菌种。     

藻酸盐降解菌群强化剩余污泥厌氧发酵产酸

厌氧发酵是实现剩余污泥(WAS)资源化的重要技术,而其中的水解阶段是剩余污泥(WAS)厌氧资源化的限速步骤。WAS中的酸性多糖(藻酸盐和半乳糖醛酸等)能够与水中阳离子形成凝胶类物质,从而维持污泥结构并阻碍微生物的水解。利用藻酸盐为底物,经过恒化器培养得到了高效的藻酸盐降解菌群(ADC)。该菌群对WAS的典型有机成分(聚半乳糖醛酸、葡聚糖和酪蛋白等)均具有较好的厌氧降解能力,其代谢产物以乙酸等短链脂肪酸为主。而且,ADC菌群对WAS的水解和酸化过程均存在促进作用;在pH为7.0、6.0、5.0的条件下,水解效率分别提升了25.4%、13.2%和12.1%,酸化效率则分别提升了138.5%、184.0%和103.4%。Illumina Miseq高通量测序结果表明,该菌群以拟杆菌属(Bacteroides,37.3%)为主。本研究结果可为剩余污泥厌氧资源化提供参考。     

浸没式MBR在高盐高钙选矿废水深度处理中应用工艺优化

为实现高盐高钙选矿废水高效脱氮并探明浸没式膜生物反应器(submerged membrane bioreactor,SMBR)在选矿废水深度脱氮中应用的工艺条件,研究了水力停留时间(hydraulic retention time,HRT)和水温对硝化-反硝化特征的影响,运行与间歇时间之比和运行周期对膜污染特征和机理的影响,根据出水水质及其稳定性、膜污染周期和SMBR运行稳定性确定最佳工艺条件。结果表明：在水温高于15 ℃及HRT分别为1.25、2.34、2.50和4.50 d的条件下,进水${\rm{NH}}_4^ + $-N浓度为(593.15±134.23) mg·L−1(平均值±标准差),平均去除率分别为95.90%、81.30%、98.38%和99.91%;进水TN浓度为(688.39±163.97) mg·L−1,平均去除率分别为85.84%、56.97%、54.46%和87.93%。SMBR脱氮良好,且随着HRT的延长,脱氮效率提高,运行稳定性增加,最佳HRT为4.50 d。根据不同水温条件下的硝化-反硝化特征,确定硝化速率和反硝化速率的温度修正系数分别为1.05和1.03;20 ℃和9 ℃(最不利水温)的硝化速率分别为0.022 9 kg·(kg·d)−1和0.012 9 kg·(kg·d)−1,反硝化速率分别为0.090 7 kg·(kg·d)−1和0.064 2 kg·(kg·d)−1。为确保最不利水温条件下的硝化-反硝化效果,HRT应不小于5.40 d。当最不利水温持续时间较短时,HRT宜采用4.50 d,并通过延长污泥龄的方法保证脱氮效果。在运行周期固定为12 min、运行与间歇时间之比分别为5∶1和2∶1的条件下,膜运行时长分别为6.70 d和11.14 d,缩短运行与间歇时间的比例有利于延长膜运行时长;在运行与间歇时间之比固定为2∶1,运行周期分别为12 min和6 min的条件下,膜运行时长分别为11.14 d和65.42 d,缩短运行周期有助于控制膜污染;根据膜污染特征与运行时长,确定最佳运行/间歇时间为4 min/2 min。以上结果表明了SMBR处理高盐高钙选矿废水的最佳工艺条件,可为SMBR在实践工程应用中提供理论依据。     

Role of bivalve mollusks in formation of aquatic invertebrate consortia in the littoral zone of an artificial eutrophic lake

General biological issues related to the formation and functioning of aquatic invertebrate consortia around Dreissena or Dreissena + Anodonta mollusks in shallow areas of an artificial eutrophic lake are considered. The environment-forming role of Dreissena in assembling the groups of companion (consort) species is shown.     

Bioremediation model for atrazine contaminated agricultural soils using phytoremediation (using Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and a locally adapted microbial consortium

The objective of the present study was to examine a biological model under greenhouse conditions for the bioremediation of atrazine contaminated soils. The model consisted in a combination of phytoremediation (using Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and rhizopheric bio-augmentation using native Trichoderma sp., and Rhizobium sp. microorganisms that showed no inhibitory growth at 10,000 mg L^?1 of herbicide concentration. 33.3 mg of atrazine 50 g^?1 of soil of initial concentration was used and an initial inoculation of 1 × 10⁹ UFC mL^?1 of Rhizobium sp. and 1 × 10⁵ conidia mL^?1 of Trichoderma sp. were set. Four treatments were arranged: Bean + Trichoderma sp. (B+T); Bean + Rhizobium sp. (BR); Bean + Rhizobium sp. + Trichoderma sp. (B+R+T) and Bean (B). 25.51 mg of atrazine 50 g^?1 of soil (76.63%) was removed by the B+T treatment in 40 days (a = 0.050, Tukey). This last indicate that the proposed biological model and methodology developed is useful for atrazine contaminated bioremediation agricultural soils, which can contribute to reduce the effects of agrochemical abuse.     

Alginate immobilized enrichment culture for atrazine degradation in soil and water system

An atrazine degrading enrichment culture, a consortium of bacteria of genus Bacillus along with Pseudomonas and Burkholderia, was immobilized in sodium alginate and was used to study atrazine degradation in mineral salts medium (MSM), soil and wastewater effluent. Sodium alginate immobilized consortium, when stored at room temperature (24 ± 5°C), was effective in degrading atrazine in MSM up to 90 days of storage. The survival of bacteria in alginate beads, based on colony formation unit (CFU) counts, suggested survival up to 90 days and population counts decreased to 1/5^th on 120 days. Comparison of atrazine degrading ability of the freely suspended enrichment culture and immobilized culture suggested that the immobilized culture took longer time for complete degradation of atrazine as a lag phase of 2 days was observed in the MSM inoculated with alginate immobilized culture. The free cells resulted in complete degradation of atrazine within 6 days, while immobilized cells took 10 days for 100% atrazine degradation. Further, immobilized cultures were able to degrade atrazine in soil and wastewater effluent. Alginate beads were stable and effective in degrading atrazine till 3rd transfer and disintegrated thereafter. The study suggested that immobilized enrichment culture, due to its better storage and application, can be used to degrade atrazine in soil water system.     

修复 PAHs 复合污染体系的高效菌群构建及降解特性简

从污染环境分离和筛选得到了9株PAHs降解菌,以其为基本菌种,构建高效修复PAHs复合污染体系的菌群（D）。采用平板稀释涂布计数法对降解体系中菌群（D）的动态结构进行了解析,数据显示菌群内的微生物在降解过程中能相互协作,发挥稳定且高效的降解作用。实验进一步研究了菌群D对单一PAH和混合PAHs的降解特性,结果表明,无论对单一PAH还是混合PAHs,菌群D均具有较强的降解能力。当降解历时6 d,菌群D能使40 mg/L的单一PAH平均降解85.8%,使60 mg/L的混合PAHs平均去除89.4%。菌群D在多环芳烃复合污染体系的生物修复方面具有潜在的应用价值。     

木薯渣高效降解复合菌系RXS的氮源优化

传统培养木薯渣降解复合菌系的蛋白胨纤维素(PCS)培养基成本较高,其主要成本来源于氮源——蛋白胨和酵母粉,限制了复合菌系的规模化应用.为解决此问题,从对木薯渣降解复合菌系RXS生长、产酶及底物降解的影响3个方面比较了胰蛋白胨/酵母粉及8种廉价氮源.结果表明,比较适宜的廉价氮源为鱼粉和玉米浆.接着探究了二者的复配比例对RXS的影响,并获得一种廉价培养基.考虑到为调节pH值和促进产酶添加的试剂对甲烷菌的毒害作用,以高温厌氧消化出水作为配料水以调节pH值,并比较了RXS在廉价培养基和PCS培养基上对木薯渣的降解效果.最终所得廉价培养基组成为木薯渣10 g/L、滤纸5 g/L、鱼粉4 g/L、玉米浆3.5 g/L,高温厌氧消化出水作为配料水.经成本核算,廉价培养基的成本仅为PCS培养基的1/6.并且复合菌系在廉价培养基上对木薯渣的降解率较PCS培养基提高了约37％.就工业化生产而言,该培养基不仅显示了对木质纤维素物质较好的降解效果,还节约了成本和减少了水的用量.