原地爆破浸出采铀过程中的渗漏示踪研究

为了准确、及时判断原地爆破浸出采铀堆场底部是否发生渗漏,需寻找合适的示踪剂在喷淋浸出过程中开展示踪。先采用静态试验在候选示踪剂荧光素钠、溴化钾、碘化钾中筛选出不影响铀的浸出且吸附量最小的荧光素钠作为示踪剂;从表面活性剂MES、MAEPK、DMSS、SDS中,筛选出既有利于铀的浸出又可在铀浸出过程中降低矿石对示踪剂荧光素钠吸附的SDS。,再通过动态柱试验进一步研究荧光素钠与表面活性剂SDS的示踪性能。结果表明,荧光素钠不影响铀浸出,添加表面活性剂不仅使铀浸出率提高约9.01%,而且降低了铀矿石对荧光素钠的吸附,尤其大大降低了矿石对荧光素钠的初始吸附,使得初始穿透水中荧光素钠的质量浓度提高了20.8倍,铀矿石对荧光素钠的分配系数在不加表面活性剂与添加表面活性剂的情况下分别为6.66 mL/g与4.22 mL/g,阻滞系数分别为29.46与20.59,分别降低了36.63%、30.11%。因此,以荧光素钠为示踪剂添加表面活性剂SDS的原地爆破浸出采铀堆场渗漏示踪试验可以及时、准确地判断是否渗漏。     

伊犁盆地库捷尔太铀矿床成矿水文地球化学作用研究

本文在分析伊犁盆地库捷尔太矿床铀成矿水文地球化学背景的基础上，通过对水中铀存在形式、热力学、矿石物质组成和有机质分析，认为铀的还原沉淀是该矿床形成的主要水文地球化学作用。此外，铀的吸附作用也是重要的成矿作用。     

环境污染物浓缩铀诱发雄性机体的生殖毒性研究

在不同水平浓缩铀￣（２３５）ＵＯ＿２Ｆ＿２内污染诱发机体生殖毒性的研究中，观察到浓缩铀可诱发精子畸形，主要呈现双头和无钩精子。浓缩铀诱发精原细胞染色体畸变，则以染色体断片为主，对初级精母细胞可产生染色体断片和易位，出现多价体。浓缩铀可致精子ＤＮＡ链断裂，其断裂片段则可随￣（２３５）ＵＯ＿２Ｆ＿２摄入量的加大而增多，浓缩铀引起遗传物质的损伤，可诱发胎鼠显性致死突变和骨骼畸形增生，而其诱发骨骼畸形的发生率则与睾丸浓缩铀的摄入量呈正相关。     

Topo萃取铬天青s光度法测定废水中铀

研制了一种测定废水中微量铀的灵敏光度法。在硝酸酸性溶液中 ,用Topo 环己烷萃取铀 ,然后用碳酸铵溶液反萃取铀 ,在CTAB存在下 ,用铬天青s与铀生成蓝色络合物 ,其最大吸收波长在 62 5nm ,摩尔吸光系数达 9 5 0× 10 4。0～ 17μg 2 5mL铀遵守比尔定律。该方法用于测定废水中的铀 ,获得了满意的结果     

内蒙古舍伯吐地区第三系可地浸砂岩铀成矿条件研究

舍伯吐地区位于松辽盆地西南部，主要找矿目的层为第三系。该区从区域上具有富铀基底、干旱-半干旱、沙漠-半沙漠的现代气候与地貌条件。第三系主要为河流相沉积，砂体广泛发育。砂体后生改造发育，砂岩中有机质较丰富，氧化-还原过渡带铀明显富集，发育泥-砂-泥地层结构，地下水补-径-排体系完善，这些都有利于砂岩型铀矿的形成。此外地层埋深浅，有利于地下浸出，所以该区是地浸砂岩铀成矿较有利地区，应进一步加强找矿工作。     

470铀矿床地球化学特征及成矿机理探讨

470火山岩型铀矿床主要有两种铀矿化类型 ,即铁—铀型和铀—钼型。含矿主岩主要为粗面岩 ,具有独特的“麻子构造” ;通过对矿床岩石化学、共生及伴生元素、稀土元素、稳定同素、成矿温度、成矿年龄等地球化学特征研究 ,分析了矿床的成矿机理 ,建立了铀成矿地球化学模式     

The effect of consumption of pork enriched by organic selenium on selenium status and lipid profile in blood serum of consumers

Abstract

The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of consumption of selenium-enriched pork on selected health indicators of probands. The intake of feed mixture with increased organic selenium at the dose of 0.3?mg.kg^?1 probably increases selenium concentration in MSM (musculus semimembranosus). In the pork enriched with organic selenium, the concentration was higher by 1.045?±?0.10?mg.kg^?1 compared with the control group 0.701?±?0.05?mg.kg^?1 at significance P?<?0.001. Sixteen participants in the experiment were represented by 8 men at the average age of 41.5?±?11.9?years and 8 women at the average age of 41.4?±?7.9?years. All the probands consumed meat enriched with selenium three times a week during one month. By consumption of the enriched pork, there was an increase of the selenium concentration in blood serum of probands traced with selenium increase from 73.19?±?15.68?μg.L^?1 to 73.73?±?15.13?μg.L^?1 (P?>?0.05). From the results we can see that consumption of enriched pork with selenium was significantly manifested in lowering of total cholesterol levels, which was associated with LDL cholesterol lowering (P?<?0.05). Differences among the HDL cholesterol and triglycerides samples were not significant.     

Derivation and Use of Sediment Quality Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment of Metals and Radionuclides Released to the Environment from Uranium Mining and Milling Activities in Canada

The Screening Level Concentration (SLC) approach was used to derive Lowest Effect Level (LEL) and Severe Effect Level (SEL) concentrations for nine metals (As, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mo, Ni, Se, U and V) and three radionuclides (²²⁶Ra, ²¹⁰Pb, and ²¹⁰Po) released to the aquatic environment during the mining and milling of uranium ore. This method was chosen because it allowed for the best use of the considerable historical and current data collected for diverse purposes in the uranium mining and milling regions of Canada (20,606 data points used in the analysis). Except for Cr, all the LELs derived in this study using the weighted method and published sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) were highly reliable (> 85%) in predicting sites unimpacted by uranium mining/milling defined as sites where reductions in the abundance and species richness of benthic invertebrate communities were < 20%. The derived SEL values and corresponding published SQGs (with the exception of Ni) were not reliable predictors (≤60%) of severe impacts on benthic invertebrate communities when severe impacts are defined as a reduction in abundance and species richness ≥40%. Most of the severely impacted sites had sediment contaminant concentrations well below the SEL values. It is concluded that LELs derived using the weighted method can reliably be used in ecological risk assessments as concentrations below which adverse effects on benthic invertebrate communities are not expected. In contrast, it is recommended that SELs not be used in assessments of uranium mining/milling activities as concentrations above which adverse effects are anticipated.     

细菌还原U(VI)分子生物学机理的研究进展

铀（U）污染对生态环境和人类健康的潜在危害受到越来越多的关注.U（VI）还原细菌可将U（VI）还原至U（IV）,从而降低铀在水中的溶解性和移动性,达到污染修复的目的.目前发现的U（VI）还原细菌主要包括但不限于铁还原菌和硫酸盐还原菌.本文综述了细菌还原U（VI）的分子生物学机理,重点阐述了U（VI）还原细菌的胞外电子转移方式,包括希瓦氏菌的金属还原方式、土杆菌的孔蛋白介导方式和微生物纳米线方式.竞争性电子受体和共存离子对细菌还原U（VI）有重要影响.目前细菌还原U（VI）过程中胞外电子转移的机理仍需更多实证,土杆菌利用微生物纳米线和细胞色素协作调控电子转移的机制尚不明确.今后可将研究聚焦于细菌还原U（VI）机理的验证和完善,并开发和优化基于微生物还原的铀污染修复技术,进而提高铀污染生物修复效率和稳定性.     

不同温度影响下除铀厌氧微生物群落结构特征解析

为了考察温度对除铀微生物群落结构的影响,通过高通量测序技术分析15℃、25℃和35℃三个温度条件下除铀厌氧微生物的群落组成及丰度.经过48h对7.2mg/L铀的去除试验,温度为35℃情况下厌氧微生物除铀率（99.1%±0.3%）显著高于15℃和25℃的情况.不同温度除铀厌氧菌群中共有菌属居多（43种）.在细菌门水平上,15℃和25℃条件下的厚壁门细菌（Firmicutes）丰度最高,比例分别为61.7%与63.3%,而35℃下变形菌门（Proteobacteria）丰度最高,比例为68.0%.在细菌属水平上,15℃和25℃样品中的第一大类菌属为Trichococcus;但在35℃样品中,Klebsiella丰度最高,比例达到52%,其他优势微生物有Proteiniclasticum（11%）、Clostridium（8%）、Acinetobacter（6%）、Enterobacteriaceae（5%）、Citrobacter（4）、Sedimentibacter（4%）、Desulfovibrio（3%）等.不同温度影响下,除铀厌氧菌群物种丰度差异极其显著.冗余分析发现温度作为环境因子与35℃样本群落结构为正相关关系.而温度对Klebsiella及Trichococcus影响程度最大,但分别为促进丰度增加（正相关）及显著降低丰度（负相关）.