四环素类抗生素对土壤-生菜系统的生物效应及其迁移降解特性

四环素类抗生素（TCs）会随畜禽粪便的施用而残留在农田土壤,对蔬菜生长和土壤生态带来风险.本文通过温室土壤盆栽试验,外源添加3种不同水平的土霉素（OTC）、四环素（TC）和金霉素（CTC）,研究了TCs对生菜的生理毒性和在生菜中的吸收转运特性,同时研究了TCs在土壤中的降解和对土壤酶活性以及土壤微生物数量的影响.结果表明,OTC、TC和CTC降低了生菜的生物量,减少了叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素的含量,抑制了净光合速率,提高了SOD、POD和CAT活性;生菜对TCs的吸收量根系>地上部分,随土壤施加的TCs增加吸收量增加,而生物富集系数和转运系数降低;通过人体预测每日摄入量（EDI）和人体每日允许摄入量（ADI）的比值计算TCs暴露引起的人体健康潜在风险值（HQ）,当土壤中OTC、TC和CTC含量低于150 mg·kg^-1时,生菜可食部位的健康风险较低（HQ<0.1）;TCs在不同土壤中的降解速率：对照土 > 根际土 > 非根际土,OTC在土壤中的降解速率显著低于TC和CTC;高含量的TCs（150~1350 mg·kg^-1）处理显著抑制土壤脲酶和根际土的过氧化氢酶活性,减少土壤细菌和真菌的数量.     

Airborne particulate material in Metropolitan Zone of Toluca Valley (Mexico) by SEM and ICP-SFMS

Rainy season is known to ease the transport of particulate matter whether they are microorganisms or inorganic compounds. Regardless of their origin, these particles have a great environmental importance through their influence on physical processes such as ice nucleation and cloud droplet formation. Pathogenic airborne microorganisms may also have public health consequences. In this paper, we analyse particles from rainwater which were collected in Teflon pipes and then filtered in 0.45-μm pore diameter cellulose filters from six environmental monitoring stations in the Metropolitan Zone of Toluca Valley, State of Mexico, Mexico, during June and September of 2009 rainy season. The particulate material was treated with nitric and hydrochloric acid in a microwave reactor to homogenise samples and to determine the polluting elements through inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry analyses. At the same time, blank filters were analysed by scanning electron microscopy followed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to observe their morphology and to identify their chemical composition. The enrichment factor of the main metals was evaluated.     

Quantifying cultural values associated with deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon

This study analyzes the distribution of cultural values associated with forest and non-forest landscapes among stakeholder groups shaping land use and land cover change (LULCC) in an agricultural/forest frontier in the western Brazilian Amazon. The study addresses theoretical and methodological obstacles to the integration of cultural data and social science research into the study of LULCC, providing a simple, systematic, and more accurate way of understanding this missing feature of land change. The findings offer insights on elusive cultural features that influence how diverse actors make land use decisions and respond to drivers, and can thus contribute to enhancing the predictive capacity of land change research.     

平顶山市火葬场周边农田土壤重金属空间分布、富集与来源分析

火葬场在火化遗体时会向周边环境排放多种重金属,引起周边土壤重金属积累和污染.以河南省平顶山市火葬场为中心,布设西北(NW)、西南(SW)、东南(SE)和东北(NE)4条3 km长的采样断面.采集表层土壤 (0~20 cm)样品157份,测定其Hg、Cd、As、Pb、Cu、Zn、Cr和Ni含量,结合富集系数(EF)和正定矩阵因子分析(PMF)探讨火葬场周边农田土壤重金属富集特征及来源.结果表明:①除土壤As的平均含量低于河南省土壤背景值外,其余重金属均高于河南省和平顶山市土壤背景值,但总体上没有达到污染水平.在主导风向下风向的NW断面上,多数重金属平均含量高于其他断面.②土壤中8种重金属的平均EF均处于中等及以上富集水平,其中Cd处于强富集水平,Hg处于中富集至强富集水平,且具有NW>SW>NE>SE的趋势,表明土壤重金属存在不同程度的人为来源.③扣除非火葬场因素对土壤重金属空间分布的影响,Hg、Cd含量沿断面多呈单峰分布,Pb、Cu、Zn和As多呈双峰分布,Ni和Cr多呈递减分布,表明8种重金属不同程度地与火葬场烟尘排放有关.④火葬场周边农田土壤中的Hg是火葬源重金属,Cd、Zn、Cu和Pb是农业-火葬-交通混合源重金属,As、Ni和Cr是自然-火葬混合源重金属.     

异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌株的分离筛选及复配菌剂对河水的净化效果

从天然河水中富集分离出8株异养硝化-好氧反硝化（HN-AD）菌株.将单菌株根据其自身的种属类别及脱氮性能复配成5种由不同菌株构成的菌剂,优选出脱氮效果最佳的复配菌剂-2,其包括6株菌株,分别为Pseudomonas stutzeri MR1,Pseudomonas sp. MR2,Pseudomonas sp. MR3,Pseudomonas balearica MR4,Klebsiella variicola MR6和Catellibacterium terrae MR8.将复配菌剂-2投加至COD_Cr/TN比分别为20和5的河水中,其对NO₃^--N的去除率分别为87.1%和97.5%,期间无NO₂^--N积累;对NH₄⁺-N去除效果在第1 d分别达到96.6%和57.6%.复配菌剂可以获得对河水较高的反硝化脱氮效率,并可以强化河水中NH₄⁺-N的去除,对实际河水的脱氮净化具有较强的应用潜能.     

葡萄糖和L-丙氨酸对藻菌共生系统处理养殖废水的影响研究

利用莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonasreinhardtii CC-125)与凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacilluscoagulans BS32)构建藻菌共生系统,通过Biolog EcoPlateTM微孔板筛选系统可利用碳源,进而研究葡萄糖和L-丙氨酸对藻菌共生系统中微藻和细菌生长的影响,并考察其对养殖废水的净化能力.结果...     

The moral sense of humanitarian actors: an empirical exploration

This paper examines humanitarianism's moral positioning above private and political interests to save lives and alleviate suffering. It does not aim to assess the legitimacy of this stance, but rather to probe the way in which humanitarian actors relate to this moral dimension in their everyday work. It investigates empirically humanitarian ethics from the perspective of humanitarian actors, drawing on interviews conducted in Beirut, Lebanon, in 2014. As it is exploratory, three key conceptual innovations were required. The first of these is the introduction of the tools developed to consider a neglected reality: humanitarian actors’ ‘moral sense’ vis‐à‐vis the humanitarian sector's ‘moral culture’. Second, the study shows how the sector's moral culture is structured around the notion of ‘concern for persons in need’. Third, it analyses the way in which the sector and its actors handle the asymmetrical relationships encountered daily. Ultimately this paper seeks to valorise humanitarian actors’ creativity in their common practices and explore potential challenges to it.     

论高校校园安全问题及对策

随着高等教育事业蓬勃发展,高校校园安全问题也突现出来,越来越需要人们的关注并采取有效的对策。笔者探讨了目前高校校园安全存在的问题,并提出了相应的改进措施:提高全民安全素质,进行校园安全立法,为校园安全工作提供法律保障;加强高校校园安全文化建设,增强搞好高校校园安全的责任意识,营造一种大家都关注高校校园安全的氛围,在预防上下功夫。另外还强调,高校安全问题不仅仅是学校自身的问题,而是全社会的问题,因此,需要整个社会的关注、支持和维护。     

HSE理念与管理研究

HSE（健康,安全和环境）的理念和文化建立是非常重要的,文化的建立离不开好的管理系统.员工或领导对工作不熟悉或没有按照生产程序去做,从而导致事故发生.为了预防事故,安全和生产不可分割.公司重视HSE管理,即重视人的生命和价值,热心公益事业,则有高效率的管理系统.     

新时期加强企业安全文化建设的思考

目前全国的安全生产保持总体稳定、趋于好转的发展态势，但是形势依然严峻，各种重特大事故造成群死群伤的事件仍时有发生，其中由于人的安全意识不高而导致事故发生的现象越来越严重。因此如何增强人的安全意识，搞好企业安全文化建设已是目前亟待解决的问题。本文重点分析了安全文化的内涵，阐明新时期加强企业安全文化建设工作的重要意义，提出了现阶段做好企业安全文化建设工作的对策。