南岳珍稀濒危动物的调查研究

在南岳野生动物中,珍稀濒危动物共有28种,一级1种,即黄腹角雉TragopanCaboti;二级23种,其中哺乳类5种,鸟类15种,两栖类2种;中国生物多样性保护行动计划优先保护名录二级动物1种;中国优先保护动物中国特有种(A级)4种.本文主要介绍了它们的分类位置、形态特征和在我国的分布,根据南岳现有的资源状况,提出了保护措施与对策.     

城区大气污染物—NOx浓度预测预报模式研究

利用道路边大气污染的常年监测数据，对风向与无限线源成任意角的高斯内插大气扩散模式进行了系统测试，分析了影响预报精度的主要因素，在分析武汉市气象因素和天气状况的基础上，对模式进行了恰当地修正，经实测数据验证，预报准确度有了明显地提高。     

厦门西海域表层沉积物中甾醇的模糊聚类分析

通过流动法技术研究了ＣｕＯ／γＡｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上添加Ｌａ２Ｏ３对ＣＯ和ＣＨ４的氧化活性．通过Ｏ２ＴＰＤＭＳ等技术研究了催化剂上表面氧脱附与表面氧恢复能力．结果表明，Ｌａ２Ｏ３的添加改善了ＣｕＯ／γＡｌ２Ｏ３催化剂对ＣＯ和ＣＨ４的氧化活性；Ｌａ２Ｏ３的添加促进了ＣｕＯ／γＡｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上表面氧的脱附和表面氧的恢复．     

风险评价在危险废物分级管理中的应用研究

危险废物是指列入国家危险废物名录或者根据国家规定的危险废物鉴别标准和鉴别方法认定的具有危险特性的废物.由于其特有的危害特性,如不进行适当的管理,将会对人类和环境造成潜在的威胁.风险评价是通过对目标的定量与定性分析进而确定发生潜在危险可能性及后果大小的预测技术.本文首次提出了以风险评价作为手段,对风险废物管理的各个环节进行评价进而对其分级管理的思想,并提出了建议性的危险废物风险分级管理步骤,为我国危险废物的管理提供参考.     

贵州连续性碳酸盐岩上覆景观特征的定量研究

利用GIS软件,探讨了贵州以连续性碳酸盐岩为基底地区的上覆景观单元、破碎化及斑块分形的特征及其形成原因。研究区域中,受岩性控制景现在整体上体现出一致性的基础上,又存在着明显的内部差异性。一致性表现为以灌木林地为优势景观,森林和草地中以次生景观为主,偏小的斑块占大多数,斑块大小分布全为正偏, 其分布曲线多为尖峭峰,斑块研究不存在面积上尺度域,斑块形状在人为强烈干扰下趋于规则而导致类型分维数的值偏小,人为干扰大的景观中斑块的破碎化更加明显。相比连续性白云岩地区,连续性石灰岩地区的水资源利用率低下,抗干扰能力弱,景观多样性不均衡,退化更严重,分割程度更破碎,空间异质性更强,稳定性差,易向逆向演替的方向发展。     

人类活动对北京东灵山地区景观格局影响分析

干扰改变景观格局,同时又受景观格局的影响,干扰是景观异质性的一个主要来源。应用ＩＬＷＩＳ地理信息系统,以１∶２００００植被图为基础,结合野外考察,分析了北京东灵山地区森林景观空间格局,采用缓冲区分析方法,研究了人类活动对该地区森林景观格局的影响。研究结果表明,在东灵山地区,人类活动的强弱与景观的破碎化表现出一定的相关性。人类作用强的地区斑块面积较小,作用弱的地区斑块面积较大,人类的活动对该地区的景观破碎化产生了明显的影响。随着距所选择的干扰区的远近,几个景观多样性指数没有表现出有规律的大小变化。虽然该地区人类活动有愈来愈强的趋势,但目前决定该地区景观空间格局的因子主要还是自然要素,人类活动虽然也对该区的景观格局产生了一定的影响,但还不是决定因素     

论环境参与权

环境参与权是公民享有的一项重要环境权利.它包括参与环境立法权、环境行政听证权、参与环境决策权和环境监督权,确立环境参与权具有重要意义,但我国现行立法很不完备,需要进一步完善.     

Watershed-Based Survey Designs

Watershed-based sampling design and assessment tools help serve the multiple goals for water quality monitoring required under the Clean Water Act, including assessment of regional conditions to meet Section 305(b), identification of impaired water bodies or watersheds to meet Section 303(d), and development of empirical relationships between causes or sources of impairment and biological responses. Creation of GIS databases for hydrography, hydrologically corrected digital elevation models, and hydrologic derivatives such as watershed boundaries and upstream–downstream topology of subcatchments would provide a consistent seamless nationwide framework for these designs. The elements of a watershed-based sample framework can be represented either as a continuous infinite set defined by points along a linear stream network, or as a discrete set of watershed polygons. Watershed-based designs can be developed with existing probabilistic survey methods, including the use of unequal probability weighting, stratification, and two-stage frames for sampling. Case studies for monitoring of Atlantic Coastal Plain streams, West Virginia wadeable streams, and coastal Oregon streams illustrate three different approaches for selecting sites for watershed-based survey designs.     

突变理论在环境预测中的应用

以某市七年来环境治理投资状况为序列建立多项式预测模型 ,尽管其拟合精度较高 ,但其预测结果偏离现实情况较大 ,通过突变理论分析知其原因在于有突变因素存在之故     

Volatile Organic Compounds in the Area of Madrid: A Chemometrical Approach

Multivariate techniques have been applied to the set of dataobtained after one year sampling of volatile organic compounds(VOCs), including volatile aldehydes in the area of Madrid inorder to evaluate the possible correspondence among groups ofanalysed compounds, as far as modelling of different emissionsources in relation to location and season. The measurements were carried out at four sites in Madrid, characteristic for urban and suburban areas. Additionally, as reference, a rural area 100 km far from the city was considered. Results of correlation analysis, factor and cluster analysis are presented.Higher correlations were found between variables related withtraffic emissions. Factor analysis results showed two mainsignificant variables related to anthropogenic and biogenicemissions respectively. In relation to cluster analysis, samples were grouped according to sampling site and seasonal variations.