Groundwater quality in the major industrial area of Thessaloniki,Greece part 1: Chemical composition‐geochemical processes

Adsorption rates of Sb(V) ions on an activated alumina (AA) were analyzed by batchwise experiments, while the continuous adsorption, desorption, regeneration of AA, and multiple reuse cycles were studied by flow column tests. The adsorption rates increased quickly with the increases of shaking speed and operation temperature. The adsorbed Sb(V) ions were desorbed easily by a 50 mM NaOH solution, and a 41–90 times concentrated Sb(V) solution was yielded correspondingly. AA was effectively regenerated by desorption operation and ca. 93% of the initial adsorption capacity was retained after six times adsorption/desorption cycles.     

The Dechlorination of H6CDD,OCDD and OCDF on an Alumina support: Elucidation of the isomer pattern by multi linear regression and thermodynamic data

The dechlorination of OCDD, OCDF and 1,2,3,4,7,8‐H₆CDD is studies on an alumina support impregnated with activated carbon, copper chloride and potassium chloride. There is a high correlation between the isomer pattern found after dechlorination and molecular structure properties. We also found a substantial correlation between the isomer pattern and the Gibbs free energy of formation of the individual isomers. This suggests a thermodynamically controlled process.     

Changes in wetland landscape patterns on Yinchuan Plain,China

Wetlands, with their many values and important functions, are precious resources. They have, however, undergone great changes during economic development and population growth. Relying on recent advances in remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques, this paper probes changes in wetland landscapes on Yinchuan Plain during 1978–2006. A series of remote sensing images was used to identify wetland landscape types. Landscape pattern indices, such as patch number, patch density, landscape shape, and Shannon's diversity, evenness, and contagion indices were calculated with GIS and landscape analysis software. Changes in wetland landscape patterns on Yinchuan Plain were analyzed. The analysis show that the total area of wetlands on Yinchuan Plain decreased from 391,540,239 m² in 1978 to 267,979,957 m² in 2006, a significant change over 28 years. The area of rivers and lakes has shrunk, and the area of paddies has increased consistently, with increasing wetland fragmentation and heterogeneity. The number of patches, patch density, and landscape shape index shows that wetland landscape patterns have undergone great changes. The landscape diversity, landscape evenness, and contagion indices indicate that wetland landscapes have become less heterogeneous. We discuss the causes of these changes and the sustainable development of wetland ecosystems.     

Modelling global-scale potential grassland changes in spatio-temporal patterns to global climate change

Grassland is one of the most widespread vegetation types worldwide and plays a significant role in global carbon cycling. Understanding the sensitivity of grassland to climate change and the effect of climate changes on the grassland ecosystems is a key issue in global carbon cycling. One of the goals of this study was to evaluate the three net primary productivity (NPP)–climate models, i.e. the Miami model, the Schuur model and the classification indices-based model. Results indicated that the classification indices-based model was the most effective model at estimating large-scale grassland NPP. In this research, changes in the spatial pattern of global potential grassland from recent past (1950–2000) to future (2001–2050) A2a scenario were analysed with the integrated orderly classification system of grassland (IOCSG) approach in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. NPP was evaluated with the classification indices-based model. Results indicate that under recent past climatic conditions, the main parts of global grassland are the savanna and tundra and alpine grassland and will be converted into the savanna, steppe and semi-desert grassland in A2a scenario. As a whole, areas of grassland will increase by 31.76 million hectares. The classification indices-based model estimated a 12.40% increase of total NPP in grassland from recent past to A2a scenario. It will impose a new issue for future grassland researches to support sustainable development and to provide action relevant knowledge to meet the challenge of climate change.     

环鄱阳湖区城市化格局的空间分异分析

建立了城市化格局的单指标和复合指标测度体系,运用主成分分析法对环鄱阳湖区人口、经济、生活、基础设施和综合城市化格局的空间分异进行了分析。研究发现:1)人口和基础设施城市化率呈现环湖边缘区最大,核心区其次,外围区最小的倒U形式的规律;经济城市化率则呈现边缘区最高,外围区次之,核心区最低的规律;而生活城市化水平呈现核心区最高,边缘区其次,外围区最低的格局。2)随着距鄱阳湖体距离的增加,城市化复合水平呈现依次下降的规律。该结果表明鄱阳湖作为一个特殊地理事物,它的存在对该区城市经济发展的空间分异具有一定程度的影响。     

论金属矿山地质灾害模式识别模型

从崩塌与滑坡、泥石流、采空塌陷3个方面探讨了金属矿山地质灾害模式,运用层次分析法确定了金属矿山地质灾害模式识别指标的权重。考虑到影响金属矿山地质灾害因素的不确定性,引入SPA,并与最优化原理相结合,提出了同异反最优模式识别模型,将其与现有的最大联系测度方法应用于某金属矿山地质灾害模式识别中。实例应用表明,同异反最优模式识别模型从整体上判断金属矿山地质灾害模式,较最大联系测度方法更为科学、合理。     

航空人为差错事故/事件分析(ECAR)模型研究

为深入研究航空人为差错事故/事件的影响因素,以人为差错相关理论为基础,对比分析几种典型的人为差错分析模型;通过借鉴ECCAIRS分析框架,并在基元事件分析(EEAM)逻辑和CCAR396部的分类方法基础上,构建航空人为差错事故/事件分析(ECAR)模型,它从事件层、描述层、原因层和组织因素与改进建议层,分析航空事故和不安全事件的人为差错。此外,还将组织因素概念引入该模型。     

城市道路交通事故地点文字表述方法研究

法律文书和交通安全分析要求事故地点记录准确、规范。为规范事故地点记录,在总结国外事故地点记录的点-线法、无规范格式法、线性参照系法、经纬度坐标法基础上,结合国内城市事故定位工作的需求,提出基于线性参照系的"五要素"事故地点文字表述方法。针对城市复杂道路网络,在道路分类的基础上,结合现场记录要求定义和说明"五要素"(事故所在道路、路侧、参照点、方位、距离),最后提出基于"五要素"的文字组合表述方法和事故地点记录实施方案。事故地点"五要素"记录法可供各地在改进事故地点记录时借鉴以提高事故数据的规范性。     

多类支持向量机在煤矿安全评价中的应用研究

针对矿井子系统诸多、环境复杂、影响因素多变和在现实条件下难以获得大量煤矿样本的情况,提出将对非线性、小样本问题有较高处理能力的支持向量机理论引入到机制评价中,并在归纳了支持向量分类机从一对多到一对一再到决策树模式的多渠道多层次分类原理基础上,建立了基于多分类支持向量机原理的煤矿安全多层次评价模型,同时通过提取影响煤矿安全因素的特征参数,引人类权重因子和样本权重因子,较好地解决了训练样本类别数量不平衡、数据干扰导致的错分问题,实现了对煤矿安全较高准确率和较高效率的评价.     

石化企业火灾危险性模式识别模型研究

石化企业具有易燃、易爆危险性等特点,一旦发生事故,后果相当严重.考虑到影响石化企业火灾危险性因素较多,从生产过程、储存过程、运输过程、消防设施与安全管理五个方面探讨了石化企业火灾危险性模式,运用层次分析法确定了石化企业火灾危险性模式识别指标的权重.将SPA理论与最优化原理相结合,提出了同异反最优模式识别模型,并将其与现有的最大联系测度方法应用于某石化企业危险性模式识别中.实例应用表明,同异反最优模式识别模型从整体上判断石化企业危险性模式,较最大联系测度方法更为科学、合理.