烟尘滤筒称重方法的改进

针对在烟尘测试中滤筒的称重存在天平显示不稳、恒重难的现象进行了探讨。比较了2种称量方法,提出在平衡室中冷却、称量滤筒,并采用标准滤筒来减小由于称重条件不同而产生的系统误差。结果表明,改进方法具有称量稳定、易恒重、失重少的优势。     

PCDD/Fs-induced oxidative damage and antioxidant system responses in tobacco cell suspension cultures

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) are ubiquitous contaminants and can be considerably accumulated by natural plants. In order to elucidate the biochemical and physiological responses of plant to PCDD/Fs, tobacco Bright Yellow-2 (BY-2) cells were selected as model plant and treated with time- and concentration-dependent PCDD/Fs. The toxic effect and oxidative stress caused by PCDD/Fs were evident, which could be indicted by the reduction in fresh mass, the increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and the damage of tobacco cell ultrastructure. PCDD/Fs tolerance was correlated with changes in antioxidant system and hormones of tobacco cells. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) exhibited peak enzyme activities at the PCDD/Fs concentration of 1000 ng WHO₉₈-TEQ g⁻¹ fresh weight. Glutathione reductase (GR) enzyme activity increased monotonically at high level PCDD/Fs, but the activity of catalase (CAT) was only slightly affected at all treatment. Meanwhile, the exposure to PCDD/Fs resulted in the changes of hormones content. With the increase of exposure concentration of PCDD/Fs, the levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) increased, whereas the concentration of jasmonates (JAs) decreased. The above results suggest that tobacco cells had the ability to cope with the oxidative stress induced by low concentration of PCDD/Fs through increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and alternating plant hormones levels. However, oxidative stress and toxicity would burst out when plant cells were exposed to the high levels of PCDD/Fs.     

基于改进熵值法的城市“精明增长”综合测度——以长江三角洲16市为例

“精明增长”是资源环境约束下中国城市可持续增长的必然选择,该理论的中国化与适应性研究至关重要。将理论内涵与中国城市增长实际需求相结合,构建包含城市规模、城市福利、城市空间和城市消耗四增长维度的城市“精明增长”综合测评模型,并运用改进熵值算法,对1999~2008年长江三角洲地区从时序变动与截面比较进行实证研究。结果表明：长三角16市在考察期内增长逐年更为精明;上海、南京、杭州城市增长更为精明,其余城市熵值评分考察期内波动较大,且空间分布有两极分化的趋势;四增长维度影响综合评价的权重由高至低分别为福利维度、规模维度、消耗维度与空间维度,城市福利和规模增长是影响城市增长精明程度的主要方面,两维度中反映城市环境、产业结构、就业结构、城市化水平的指标贡献较大;城市消耗和空间维度权重较低,其中反映土地与生活能源消耗的指标作用明显,需要加大城市消耗的控制和内涵空间增长的拓展     

供水管网系统地震易损性风险评估

供水管网易损性风险评估就是通过识别和分析系统的易损性,找出管网中相对比较薄弱的部分,为确定安全策略和采取控制措施提供理论依据。借鉴网络脆弱性评估理论和方法,基于震后供水管网的连通性分析和水力分析结果,采用分层的分析方法,以管网的拓扑位置和节点服务特性作为影响管网易损性的因素,分配给各节点一定的权值,计算其易损性指标,采用定性与定量相结合的方法评判其易损性程度。对一实际管网进行地震易损性风险评估,说明了该方法的有效性与合理性。     

调整工业结构发展三峡低碳经济——以湖北省宜昌市为例

运用熵值法研究了宜昌市工业结构调整与低碳经济之间的关系。研究表明：宜昌市电力、热力生产和供应业的节能减排指数排名首位,属于可再生清洁能源,应大力推进其发展;食品产业的节能减排指数排名较前,属于第二梯队产业,也是朝阳产业,应得到有效支持促进其健康发展;装备制造业的节能减排指数排名大部分位列前10位,属于第三梯队产业,是传统支柱产业和工业中坚力量,在进行低碳技术创新的前提下,应得到有效的支持和发展;宜昌市的高新技术产业和纺织等轻工业的节能减排指数排名也比较靠前,应加大对高新技术产业和轻工业的扶持力度,增强其竞争能力;宜昌市化工业的节能减排指数排名靠后,对其应采用产业调整和技术创新相结合的手段;宜昌市石油加工、炼焦及核燃料加工业,造纸业和金属冶炼业的节能减排指数最低,排名最后,应对其实施调整归并政策,逐步减少其企业数量和规模     

Determination of 28 pesticides applied on two tomato cultivars with a different surface/weight ratio of the berries,using a multiresidue GC-MS/MS method

The behavior of 28 pesticides on two tomato cultivars with a different surface/weight (S/W) ratio of the berries (S/W, Birikino vs. Tombola) was studied, in order to provide appropriate indications about their persistence on crops reaching the pre-harvest interval (PHI). Quantitative analysis was performed using a GC MS/MS method. Birikino cv. (BIR) was a “cherry type tomato” with a double S/W ratio compared with Tombola cv. (TOM). The results showed a different pesticide behavior. Azoxystrobin, Boscalid, Bupirimate, Difenoconazole, Etofenprox, Iprodione, Mepanipyrim, Myclobutanil, Tebuconazole, Zoxamide, Metalaxyl M, Pyrimethanil, Tetraconazole, Benalaxyl, Cyprodinil, Fenamidone, Famoxadone and Fludioxonil immediately after treatments showed residues on BIR higher than TOM, and this behavior is consistent with its greater exposed surface. BIR showed higher decay rates of these pesticides during the whole trial, nevertheless residue averages remained higher than TOM reaching the time of harvest. Residues at the PHI were all below their Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs), but data indicated that they could exceed their legal limits especially if the above-mentioned active ingredients were employed more than once per crop cycle on cherry type tomatoes. As regards to Chlorpyrifos, Chlorpyrifos methyl, Triadimenol, Pyridaben and Tebufenpyrad, no different residual behavior related to S/W ratio of the cultivars was observed. Even in this case, residues at the PHI were all below MRLs. As for Cyfluthrin, Deltamethrin, Lambda cyhalothrin, Etoxazole and Cyproconazole, residues were lower than the limit of quantitation (LOQ) of the analytical method just after the treatment, according to their low doses of employment.     

基于熵值法新疆循环经济发展综合评价分析

根据循环经济理论,针对新疆循环经济的发展,从资源可承载能力、环境发展、社会经济发展三个方面考虑建立新疆循环经济发展的综合评价指标体系,运用熵值法对新疆10年循环经济的发展水平进行综合评价,进而提出了相应的措施,包括完善法律法规体系、加快产业结构调整、加大政策鼓励力度、促进产业集聚等.     

High-molecular weight sulfur-containing aromatics refractory to weathering as determined by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

Biomarkers and low-molecular weight polyaromatic compounds have been extensively studied for their fate in the environment. They are used for oil spill source identification and monitoring of weathering and degradation processes. However, in some cases, the absence or presence of very low concentration of such components restricts the access of information to spill source. Here we followed the resistance of high-molecular weight sulfur-containing aromatics to the simulated weathering condition of North Sea crude oil by ultra high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The sulfur aromatics in North Sea crude having double bond equivalents (DBE) from 6 to 14 with a mass range 188-674 Da were less influenced even after 6 months artificial weathering. Moreover, the ratio of dibenzothiophenes (DBE 9)/naphthenodibenzothiophenes (DBE 10) was 1.30 and 1.36 in crude oil and 6 months weathered sample, respectively reflecting its weathering stability. It also showed some differences within other oils. Hence, this ratio can be used as a marker of the studied crude and accordingly may be applied for spilled oil source identification in such instances where the light components have already been lost due to environmental influences.     

低分子量壳聚糖Nd~(3+)配合物的合成及抑菌性研究

通过将高分子量壳聚糖经双氧水氧化降解制得低分子量壳聚糖,再与Nd3+配位制得低分子量壳聚糖Nd3+配合物,通过IR,UV,TG-TDA和GPC分析对L-CTS的分子量及L-CTS-Nd的结构进行了表征,考察了对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌性能。结果表明,低分子量壳聚糖与Nd3+形成了稳定的配合物,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均有良好的抑菌效果。     

基于模糊评价和层次分析法的客运索道安全评价方法研究

结合我国客运索道安全运行状况,针对国内尚未建立健全客运索道安全评价体系的现状,以单线循环固定抱索器索道为例,依据现行的客运索道安全规范及其监督检验规程,创建客运索道的安全状况综合评价模型,并应用层次分析法确定评价模型各级因素的权重,然后将模糊评价方法应用到客运索道安全状况的综合评价中,最终得到评价模型的安全等级,即安全状况综合评价的结果,从而建立一种新的客运索道安全评价方法。笔者通过该方法的工程实践,并将该方法与常规安全检查方法进行对比分析,认为该方法具有实用性强,可操作性好,结果准确以及适合我国现有索道等优点,具有较好的应用前景。