环境系统权重分配的二级决策

权重分配是环境质量评价的关键技术问题．应用多目标二级决策方法，从寻找环境系统客观背景入手，对环境系统各组成要素及各要素的表征参数进行客观自动赋权，为克服环境质量评价中权重分配的主观随意性提供了一种方法．应用表明，这种方法物理意义清晰，算法简便，具有较好的应用价值．     

Housing anxiety and multiple geographies in post-tsunami Sri Lanka

Tsunami intervention has been an extraordinary and unprecedented relief and recovery operation. This article underlines the complexities posed by shelter and housing intervention in post-tsunami Sri Lanka, revealing a pragmatic, reductionist approach to shelter and housing reconstruction in a contested and fragmented environment. Competition, housing anxiety and buffer zone implementation have resulted in compulsory villagisation inland, stirring feelings of discrimination and tension, and becoming major obstacles to equitable rebuilding of houses and livelihoods. A new tsunami geography has been imposed on an already vulnerable conflict-based geography, in which shelter has been conceived as a mono-dimensional artefact. An analysis of the process and outcomes of temporary and permanent post-tsunami housing programmes yields information about the extent to which shelter policies and programmes serve not only physical needs but 'higher order' objectives for a comprehensive and sustainable recovery plan.     

A proposal for a long-term baseline phytobenthos monitoring programme for the Finnish Baltic coastal waters: monitoring submerged rocky shore vegetation

Several local surveys on the submerged vegetation have been conducted in past decades along the Finnish Baltic coastal areas. Surveys have been carried out by using various methods,which make the temporal comparisons of the results difficult.The need of a joint programme for coastal phytobenthic monitoringis emphasised by the Nordic Council of Ministers and HELCOM. TheFinnish coastal phytobenthic monitoring programme complements theBaltic HELCOM monitoring programme (COMBINE). It is primarily designed to reveal the effects of eutrophication. The programmeincludes general principles for selection of monitoring areas aswell as a proposal for monitored habitats, communities and species. The need of evaluated and tested field methods, datacollecting, interpretation and data storage are addressed in theQuality Assurance part. The cost-efficiency is secured by integrating the phytobenthos programme with the coastal water monitoring for obtaining the supporting data such like salinity,temperature and nutrients. In the design of the monitoring programme a special interest is paid on areas with high protection values such as Natura 2000 or HELCOM's BSPA (Baltic Sea Protected Areas) or on aspects that would support the implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive.     

论资源环境持续利用中的市场机制问题

在用市场手段解决环境危害与资源利用问题中,市场经济理论与实践是不完全相一致的,甚至是相互矛盾的。为了揭示这种矛盾性,从市场对环境的失灵,社会与个人利益,环境、资源、人口与经济增长的关系,以及资源开发技术的变化与资源有效利用方面,分析了市场经济在环境、资源与市场的关系方面存在的问题,提出了用法律手段解决资源与环境问题比市场手段更有效的观点。     

国内突发环境污染事件特征分析及防治对策研究

文章统计分析了2002年-2008年中国发生的突发环境污染事件,以揭示事件发生的规律、危害以及总体情况和变化趋势,结果表明：中国已进入环境污染事件高发期,突发污染事件总体呈逐年数量增多、危害增大的趋势,且发生时间集中,类型广泛,进而提出以“防为上,救次之,戒为下”的应对策略,实现从注重应急处置向以预防为主的转变。     

EDTA及其回收溶液治理重金属污染土壤的研究

试验结果表明,EDTA能够有效地萃取土壤重金属,由于其价格较贵和不易被降解等特点,限制了它的广泛运用.在运用MINTEQA2模型对萃取液中重金属离子形态分析的基础上,选用Na2S沉淀法将重金属从EDTA萃取液中有效分离.同时将回收的EDTA连续进行萃取土壤重金属,由于回收EDTA浓度下降的原因,其效果比新鲜EDTA的要稍微差一点,但从经济和效率上来说,仍旧可以用来治理重金属污染的土壤.     

Cost-benefit analysis of an accelerated vehicle-retirement programme

High taxes on new cars in Israel provide an incentive for car owners to defer the purchase of new vehicles. The result is a vehicle fleet of older, more polluting vehicles, with air pollution costs estimated at up to $530 million annually. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a cost benefit analysis (CBA) of an accelerated vehicle-retirement (AVR) programme. The analysis considers the private car fleet as well as trucks and buses. The study develops an economic model to identify the optimal payment level that will maximise the net benefit of the programme, and then apply the model to three different vehicle categories. It finds that an AVR programme for private cars may indeed yield significant net benefits, while a similar programme for trucks and buses fails to meet the cost-benefit test. For private cars, the study finds that even according to a conservative estimate, the programme will result in the voluntary retirement of approximately 98,000 private cars, with a present value net benefit of more than $50 million. This is equal to a 17% reduction in total annual private car air pollution costs for the five-year time span of the proposed programme.     

"九五"期间中国沿海有害赤潮灾害状况及其防治对策

有害赤潮不仅破坏了海洋生态环境,而且给沿海地区经济和人身健康造成的危害越来越大,开展有害赤潮的防治研究是促进沿海地区经济发展、保护人类健康的需要.本文分析了"九五"期间我国沿海赤潮灾害的状况,初步探讨了形成赤潮灾害的各种因素,并根据国内外报道的最新赤潮防治方法,提出了针对于我国赤潮防治工作的几点建议.     

分馏塔火灾爆炸故障树分析程序

通过对某装置的分馏塔火灾爆炸的故障树分析,介绍了编制事故树的程序、方法和步骤,总结编制和分析过程中的技巧及注意事项.     

滇池环境综合治理框架及其投资估算

滇池流域突出的环境问题是水资源紧缺、水体污染严重和生态环境恶化 ,三者表现各异但内在联系十分紧密。滇池环境的综合治理工作 ,必须综合考虑这三方面的问题 ,从点源污染治理、面源污染治理、湖内环境治理和水资源开发利用四个方面开展。根据 2 0 1 0年前设想工程项目估算 ,总投资应达95 5亿元左右 ,上述四方面的投资分别占 30 3%、 1 0 8%、 1 0 1 %和 8 8%。从 1 990年到 1 998年 ,已有30 95亿元纳入滇池治理计划 ,1 999年计划不低于 8亿元 ,2 0 0 0年以后尚需安排更大的投资。