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51.
关于进一步加强环境综合整治的思考 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
辨析了环境综合整治概念和内涵,阐述了开展 环境综合整治的必要性和意义,并针对当前存在的问题 提出了对策和建议。 相似文献
52.
Michael Mitchell Michael Lockwood Susan A. Moore Sarah Clement 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2015,58(11):1903-1922
Addressing environmental problems requires sophisticated approaches to complexity and uncertainty. Conceptual models are increasingly used to improve understanding of complex system interactions. However, cursory treatment of governance limits their analytical potential. This study included governance considerations in a social-ecological system model of biodiversity conservation in the Tasmanian Midlands (Australia). Effectiveness of engagement processes and conservation programme longevity were identified as critical governance influences. The conceptual representation of this system enabled exploration of how governance influences interact with social drivers (e.g. landholder engagement in conservation practices) to modify the effect of biophysical drivers (e.g. land use) on biodiversity outcomes. Such a methodology provides essential information for identifying and guiding governance related points of intervention. 相似文献
53.
Many countries in sub‐Saharan Africa have adopted similar approaches to tackle the challenges of rural water supply, including community‐based management, community participation and the demand‐responsive approach. These are often combined with nationwide programmes of capacity‐building and decentralization. This paper first shows how Uganda has adopted these approaches in its rural water supply programme. Based on Government documents, we construct an organizational framework that illustrates the overall programme and outlines the roles and responsibilities which actors are expected to fulfil. Second, based on interviews with sector staff and a review of Government documents, the paper examines challenges to successfully “walk the talk”; that is, it provides insight into challenges affecting programme implementation. Among numerous difficulties, two key issues are highlighted: local political interference and the weak capacity of local governments. Concerning local political interference, local planning processes need to be reformed so that local politicians commit more strongly to improving water supply. Regarding local government capacity, the Government department responsible for the programme has established eight regional units that provide support to local governments. This promising strategy, combined with more appropriate engagement and the commitment of local politicians, should help to improve the implementation of the rural water supply programme in Uganda. 相似文献
54.
试论实现环境与经济可持续发展的关键 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
高体玉 《中国人口.资源与环境》1996,6(1):62-67
本文从环境科学技术在经济社会中,在保持“人类(生产者)—环境—社会经济”系统稳定地、健康地运行中的作用和地位出发,从实现经济与环境协调发展的行政手段和技术手段间相互关系出发,提出了实现在环境上可持续发展的经济的关键是大力发展环境科学技术。 相似文献
55.
Lola Gostelow 《Disasters》2000,23(4):316-325
In 1996, in recognition of concerns about humanitarian response efforts, non- governmental organisations (NGOs) launched the Sphere Project, the first collaborative initiative to produce globally applicable minimum standards for humanitarian response. The aims of the Sphere Project are to improve the effectiveness of humanitarian efforts and to enhance the accountability of the humanitarian system, primarily to those people who have a right to protection and assistance in disasters, as well as to agency members and donors.
This paper discusses the purpose of the Sphere Project, the unique process that brought it about and the major concerns that have been raised about its practical application. Finally, the paper considers the implications of this for improving the impact of humanitarian response and for future initiatives given the process that Sphere has begun. It argues that improved accountability does not start and stop with NGOs. They are just one element of a wider humanitarian response effort and more needs to be done to improve the system as a whole. 相似文献
This paper discusses the purpose of the Sphere Project, the unique process that brought it about and the major concerns that have been raised about its practical application. Finally, the paper considers the implications of this for improving the impact of humanitarian response and for future initiatives given the process that Sphere has begun. It argues that improved accountability does not start and stop with NGOs. They are just one element of a wider humanitarian response effort and more needs to be done to improve the system as a whole. 相似文献
56.
Socioeconomic indicators and the survival of the tropical rainforest of cross river state of Nigeria
An internal household survey of socioeconomic indicators in the Cross River State forest communities showed that basic infrastructural
facilities such as clean water supply, adequate waste disposal system, good roads and electricity are grossly inadequate.
There is a total absence of modern family planning practices in the communities, and population is projected to increase by
44.8% between 2000 and 2015 and 85.4% between 2000 and 2025. The study revealed that about 65% of the population of the rainforest
communities consists of subsistence farmers and power chain operators, and besides the 19% of the Cross River State Tropical
High Forestry (THF) already reported to have been lost to agriculture and plantation between 1972 and 1991, about 9% was lost
between 1991 and 2000. An additional 25% of the THF will be lost by 2025, leaving only 470600 hectares (4706 km2). With 84.1% of community members having an annual income less than $300, the survival potential of the Cross River State
rainforest in the next fifty years is very low, unless an effective forest management programme is encouraged by government
in partnership with all stakeholders. 相似文献
57.
Since the last decade the WHO Collaborating Centre for Air Quality Management and Air Pollution Control, Berlin, Germany, operates a quality assurance and control (QA/QC) programme on air quality monitoring in the WHO European Region. As main activity Intercomparison workshops have been established for air monitoring network laboratories on a regular basis to harmonise air quality measurements, analysis and calibration techniques. 36 air hygiene laboratories of public health and environmental institutions of 24 countries participated in twelve Intercomparisons between 1994 and 2004. The majority was carried out for NO, NO2, SO2 and O3. The results were predominantly satisfactory for automatic methods. The results of manual methods were mainly in a good, and for several concentration levels partly very good accordance with the data obtained by the monitors. 相似文献
58.
The results of a co-ordinated monitoring programme for pesticide residues in the European Union and Norway carried out in 1996 and 1997 are presented. The aim of this programme is to work towards a system, which makes it possible to estimate actual dietary pesticide intake for the population of the European Union. Based on a statistically dérived sampling plan and within the limited number of pesticides/commodities analysed, the most critical pesticides (benomyl group and dithiocarbamates) and commodities (mandarine and lettuce) were identified. In case of detected non-compliances, repeated sampling and, if necessary, enforcement actions are to be taken by national authorities. The programme will be continued in the next years. 相似文献
59.
Can China control the side effects of motor vehicle growth? 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Michael P. Walsh 《Natural resources forum》2007,31(1):21-34
Motor vehicle growth in China is the fastest in the world. This is placing great strain on the urban environment and causing a rapid increase in oil imports and motor vehicle carbon dioxide emissions. To deal with the environmental and health effects of air pollution, China has adopted a strong motor vehicle pollution control programme and imposed limits on fuel consumption of new light duty vehicles. The article will review these problems and programmes. Special focus will be given to the need to reduce sulphur levels in both gasoline and diesel fuel. 相似文献
60.