Importance of set-aside for breeding birds of open farmland in Finland

The set-aside obligation under the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) brought widespread benefits for wild farmland species. Shortly after it was abolished in 2008, the national political process in Finland replaced it with a targeted agri-environment scheme for environmental fallow. Though potentially highly valuable, the value of the current scheme for securing biodiversity is yet to be confirmed. This study evaluates the importance of set-asides established under CAP to all birds of open farmland based on national monitoring data from 2001 to 2006. The set-aside fields supported 25-40% more species and held 60-105% more pairs of birds typical of open farmland in comparison with cereal fields within a similar landscape setting. The estimated effect of set-aside presence in farmland on the studied bird species is large enough to trigger considerable changes in bird populations on the national scale. The relevance of the results to the novel agri-environment scheme is discussed.     

近郊丘陵谷地高效农业综合开发研究

在剖析近郊丘陵谷地资源优势及利用问题的基础上，应用生态学和系统论原理及方法，以市场为导向，进行谷地资源的多目标线性规划，通过对区域系统物质循环、能量转化及经济效益的分析，提出“以鱼鸭结合为龙头，稳定果园面积，发展高效种植业”的总体规划方案，采取低产幼龄果园改良、名特优苗木繁育、池塘高产养殖和建立高效种植制度等技术措施，对谷地资源实行立体动态综合开发，建立较稳定的近郊丘陵谷地人工农业生态系统，取得显著的经济、社会和生态效益。     

建设项目环境保护管理信息化体系建设研究

建设项目环境保护管理是我国环境保护事业的重要组成部分,利用信息化手段提高建设项目环境保护管理水平具有重要意义。本文对我国建设项目环境保护管理的信息化现状和形势进行了深入分析,阐述了建设目标和建设原则;提出了基于建设项目管理的资源目录体系、决策支持体系、全过程管理体系、服务体系的建设项目环境保护管理信息化体系,并提出了组织实施的基本策略。     

Assessment of toxicity potential of metallic elements in discarded electronics: A case study of mobile phones in China

The electronic waste (e-waste) is increasingly flooding Asia,especially China.E-waste could precipitate a growing volume of toxic input to the local environment if it was not handed properly.This makes the evaluation of environmental impact from electronics an essentially important task for the life cycle assessment (LCA) and the end-of-life management of electronic products.This study presented a quantitative investigation on the environmental performance of typical electronics.Two types of disposed mobile...     

区域环境规划及实例分析

区域环境规划是现代区域生态经济规划的新发展。区域环境规划对于解决发展经济和保护环境之间的矛盾,达到促进经济发展,改善环境质量的目的是十分重要的。本文介绍了区域环境规划的基础性内容,然后以河南省安阳市的生态与环境保护规划为例探讨了区域环境规划中的城市环境规划。     

杭州经济技术开发区第一次全国污染源普查工作的思考与经验

笔者根据自身全面参与杭州经济技术开发区第一全国污染源普查的各项工作,结合污染源普查中清查和普查阶段中开发区存在的困难及特色,总结了几点想法与经验。     

Applications of the industrial ecology concept in a research project: Technology and Climate Change (CLIMTECH) Research in Finland

This contribution to the Journal of Cleaner Production special issue ‘Applications of Industrial Ecology’ is based upon an extensive literature review, which produced four criteria to characterise research on the concept of industrial ecology (IE). The criteria are (1) material and energy flows, (2) systems improvement, (3) systems adaptation and (4) change management. The criteria were analysed against the six subject areas of the Technology and Climate Change (CLIMTECH) Research Programme in Finland to identify the applications of the concept of industrial ecology. The results of the analysis contribute (a) to the debate on the characteristics of the emerging concept of IE, (b) show IE characteristics of a large Finnish research project in the field of climate change mitigation and (c) invite scholars in the field to study the observed unclear and fuzzy role of the concept of IE in practical research project work. Responses to this article are encouraged for publication in the future issues of Journal of Cleaner Production.     

Theorizing distributive justice and the practice of post-disaster housing recovery

This paper examines the implications of contemporary conceptions of distributive justice for post-disaster recovery programmes. The question asked in this paper is essentially theoretical: what does a concern with distributive justice entail when developing and evaluating post-disaster recovery programmes? Housing recovery programmes are employed to provide a contextual grounding for the discussion. We present a review of the disaster recovery literature and recent programmes of post-disaster housing recovery to map the ways in which distributive justice have been theorized, interpreted, debated and put into practice. We reflect on what different principles of distributive justice imply for post-disaster recovery programmes in terms of their impact on opportunities for individuals and communities to recover from disasters, and also on their realizing possibilities of advancing justice in the post-disaster society. The paper concludes by outlining a number of dimensions of a pluralist account of distributive justice. Using these dimensions and taking into account tensions within and between them, we attempt to offer a framework for reflecting on and assessing distributive arrangements of disaster recovery programmes.     

Epidemiological assessment of food aid in the Bosnian conflict, 1994-97

Surveys in emergency settings are important for the accountability of food aid. Four household surveys conducted between 1994 and 1997 measured the performance of the Bosnia food aid programme, covering a random sample of clusters in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republica Srpska. The team calculated coverage, exclusion and inclusion errors, programme misses, and under-supply. Despite intended universal coverage from 1994-96, 15, 19, and 31 per cent, respectively, did not receive food across the three-year time frame. Households categorised as vulnerable were somewhat more likely to receive food. Programme misses were rare, whereas under-supply fell from 30 per cent in 1994 to four per cent in 1997, as the availability of other food increased. Extrapolation suggested that 61 per cent of the food distributed did not reach households. The programme introduced priority categories for targeting in 1997, yet nearly one-half of the highest priority households did not receive food. Incomplete coverage and weak targeting were related to political constraints.     

同位素稀释质谱法测定IMEP-6水样品中的痕量镉和铅

采用国际公认的具有绝对测量性质的同位素稀释质谱法（ＩＤＭＳ）为国际测量评估计划（ＩＭＥＰ－６）所用比对样品定值,准确测定了该样品中痕量镉和铅,提供的测定值与事后组织者公布的标准值附和较好。