油气田绿色矿山建设管理要求与实践

针对目前国家对绿色矿山建设的要求和环境保护面临的新形势,结合国内油气勘探与生产业务绿色发展的相关要求,阐述了油气田绿色矿山建设的发展历程、重点内容、建设标准;总结了绿色矿山建设形成的具体成果和经验,这些经验主要包括注重依法合规、提升绿色理念、科技创新、责任落实、多部门协作等,为下一步建设指导方向,进而提升国内油气勘探与生产业务整体绿色发展水平。     

生态城市建设的基本思路及其指标体系的评价标准

根据生态城市的基本内涵，提出生态城市建设的基本思路，运用专家咨询等方法从100多项有关指标中筛选出44个主要指标，构成能反映生态城市建设进程的相对完整的指标体系，并提出各指标因子的量化评价标准值。     

安全标准社会生产生活的保障——对安全标准发展过程研讨

本文从生活中的安全感和安全意识出发,通过安全与标准结合运用,经过安全标准化实践活动,形成体系,研讨安全标准发展过程以及所起的作用。     

矿用防爆柴油机标准分析与研究

无轨辅助运输技术是当今世界上最先进的煤矿辅助运输技术,矿用柴油发动机作为无轨辅助运输设备的主要心脏部件之一,其许多参数都和煤矿安全密切相关。本文阐述了矿用防爆柴油机要求和特点、采用的技术措施、标准现状,同时对目前矿用防爆柴油机的标准进行了结构分析,提出了防爆柴油机标准要增加的内容。     

Are energy efficiency standards justified?

This paper develops an analytical framework for comparing the welfare effects of energy efficiency standards and pricing policies for reducing gasoline, electricity, and nationwide carbon emissions. The model is parameterized with US data and includes key externalities in the energy/transportation sectors and possible underinvestment in energy efficiency due to “misperceptions” over energy savings. Even with large misperceptions, the extra welfare gains from complementing efficient pricing policies with energy efficiency standards are zero for reducing gasoline and 5 percent for reducing electricity. And when viewed as substitutes, these standards forgo 60 percent or more of the potential welfare gains from corresponding pricing policies. A combination of energy efficiency and emissions standards is more than three times as costly as carbon pricing when there is no misperception over energy savings, and even with large misperceptions, combining carbon pricing with gasoline/electricity taxes is better than combining it with energy efficiency standards.     

Transnational environmental standards in Eastern Europe: an assessment of companies in Lithuania and their adoption motives

During the last few decades, many environmental certification schemes were developed to enhance transparency and traceability within commodity chains. Most of them are transnational schemes, which means that they were created by non-governmental organizations and/or the private sector, independently from governments. This article aims to examine how local certified companies assess the functioning of such private environmental certification. It presents the results of an empirical research about the expectations and satisfaction of certified companies in Lithuania. Empirical data were collected through a survey with 90 companies certified by one of the three major transnational environmental standards: Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) for the forestry and logging, Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) for fishing and aquaculture, and Oeko-Tex for the production of textiles. The results revealed that most companies have adopted these standards quite recently, indicating that it is generally a new trend in Lithuania. The findings suggest that the overall expectations with the standards’ functions, such as sending signals to clients or getting more market share, were higher than the satisfaction in all cases. The main transnational environmental standard adoption motive was the client demand. It turned out, however, that later after the certification procedure the majority of the companies were most satisfied with the market opportunities that opened up. Furthermore, the companies expected certification to operate best as a market-based mechanism; but most satisfactory performance was accredited to the signalling mechanism. Research suggests that certification provides various benefits for the companies, but the expectations might be rather exaggerated.     

环境质量标准制订中的关键技术问题

为提高我国环境质量标准的科学性、系统性和可操作性,从分析我国环境质量标准存在的问题出发,通过阐述环境质量标准制订原理,对比分析国外相关标准,对不同要素环境质量标准制订中的4个关键的共性技术问题——保护对象或用途功能划分、阈限值及阶段目标设立、污染物项目选择、划区实施与监测评价进行了研究.结果表明:应针对不同的保护对象或用途功能,依据环境基准研究成果,设定不同的污染物项目和限值要求;污染物项目应明确指标含义,限值要求应适当区分阈限值及阶段目标;应根据区域、流域主导功能,划区实施标准并开展监测评价工作.      

2×600MW机组脱硫石膏亚硫酸钙含量超标原因分析及对策

石灰石—石膏湿法脱硫系统工艺复杂,影响石膏中亚硫酸钙含量的因素很多,各因素之间又相互作用。分析了某电厂2×600MW机组脱硫石膏亚硫酸钙含量超标的原因,在试验研究及系统改造的基础上指出了石灰石原料不合格是石膏品质变差的主要原因。应加强石灰石原料质量监督,以满足脱硫系统要求。     

中国辐射环境监测法规标准问题分析

随着辐射环境复杂程度的不断提升,国内外良好实践和先进技术的出现,以及中国持续改善环境质量总目标的确立,中国的辐射环境监测法规标准体系面临新的挑战。通过对中国辐射环境监测法规标准进行梳理和研究,指出现有法规标准中存在的问题,提出解决问题的对策,建议加快制修订《中华人民共和国放射性污染防治法》、《环境监测管理条例》、《环境监测管理办法》以及辐射环境监测工作系列导则和相关行业标准,以保证辐射安全工作规范开展,全方位保证中国辐射环境质量提升。     

军民两用机载设备耐久振动试验的对比方法

提出了一种适用于军民两用机载设备耐久振动试验的对比方法,该方法通过量化指标对军民机标准下的振动试验环境进行考核,能够实现不同环境的试验严酷度评估。以直升机显示器为例对该方法进行了详细论述,结果表明无法通过对比方法完成试验。