广州市内环路项目环境策略研究

广州市内环路工程是广州市中心区内在建的一条连续性的高等级环市道路 ,全长 2 6 7公里 ,其主要功能是为了缓解市内交通问题。文中分析了内环路工程产生的主要环境问题 ,从系统工程角度探讨和提出了环境保护的对策措施。     

The Frequency of Micronuclei among Newborns from Kragujevac, Central Serbia, after NATO Bombing in the Spring of 1999

Kragujevac, as an important industrial and economic center of the region, is now placed on the top of the list of environmentally endangered cities in our country. The aim of this biomonitoring study was to evaluate cytogenetic damage in a sample of newborns from Kragujevac after contamination of the environment entailed by the intensive bombing of the industrial zone of this city in the spring of 1999. The frequency of micronuclei (MN) in peripheral blood lymphocytes in a total of 61 phenotypically healthy newborns was analyzed before and after the NATO bombing. Analysis of micronuclei has been performed using the cytokinesis-block technique (CB MN test). Average MN frequency in lymphocytes of newborns before the bombing (N = 25) was 5.77 ± 0.85/1000 analyzed cells. After the bombing (N = 36), the average frequency of MN increased by a factor of 1.4 (8.11 ± 0.85), compared to the control frequency before the bombing. Statistical difference (p < 0.05) was established by Student's t-test. Our data suggest that such changes in genetic material were a direct consequence of contamination of the living environment.     

应对挑战的中国环境政策

中国的发展正处在机遇和挑战并存的时代．要在发展中实现人与自然的和谐．必须要以科学的环境政策作为保障。该文探讨了环境工作面临的巨大挑战和需要研究的问题．并对应对挑战的中国环境政策进行了总结。     

Impact of Growing Income Inequality on Sustainable Development in China： A Provincial-level Analysis

A growing body of literature has documented the rapidly increasing income disparities that accompanied China＇s economic growth in the 1980s and 1990s, and the driving factors behind this. Growing income inequality in its turn may have important implications for the accumulation of physical capital, human capital, and natural capital and as a consequence for sustainable economic development. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential impact of income inequality on savings, human resources and the environment in China. It starts with an overview of the different causal mechanisms through which income inequality may affect the accumulation of physical capital, human capital, and natural capital, and discusses to what extent these causal relationships may be relevant in the case of China. Next, provincial data for the year 2002 are used to explore the relationship between income inequality and different elements of sustainable development in China. It is found that income inequality does not affect aggregate savings levels. Rising inequality, however, contributes to lower health and possibly also to higher fertility levels. It also lowers the use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture and therefore is likely to reduce water pollution. Other types of environmental degradation are not affected.     

中国土地灾害的现状分析与防治对策

本文通过对我国土地环境的调查与分析,发现耕地急剧减少、肥力下降、土壤污染、水土流失与土地沙化是目前土地灾害最主要的表现形式。对此,作者通过灾害的成因分析,提出了健全法规、强化国情认识、控制人口增长等七项决策。     

陕晋蒙三角区自然环境面临的主要灾害及对策

陕晋蒙三角区是我国未来一个新能源基地,在全国具有重要的地位。本文从该区的特点出发,论述了自然环境的主要灾害及成因,进而提出了减灾的相应措施与建议。     

应用后续确定性问题校正条件价值评估——以福建省鼓山风景名胜区非使用价值评估为例

条件价值(CV)法是评估环境与资源价值的重要手段,后续确定性问题可有效便捷地提高CV结果的有效性。应用10刻度量化表式后续确定性问题对鼓山风景名胜区非使用价值CV评估结果进行校正。问卷采用双边界二分式,面对面调查获得518份有效调查问卷。结果显示:具有正支付意愿的受访者,其付费加入"鼓山保护协会"的确定度呈正态分布,确定度的平均值为6.72;确定度与受访者的收入、受访者对鼓山的熟悉程度呈显著正相关;受访者对起始投标值敏感。当确定度门槛值取7或8时,正支付率从51.5%分别下降至27.8%或23.3%,而平均支付意愿分别从33.24元下降至19.74元或16.36元,采用后续确定性问题校正后CV结果下降了一半左右。     

基于分解模型与VEC模型的沈阳经济区经济与环境时空关系研究

选择GDP、工业废水排放量、工业废气排放量、工业废物产生量4个指标,从横向的空间作用关系及纵向的时间作用关系对沈阳经济区经济增长与环境演化关系进行了动态综合分析.对于空间作用关系,采用完全分解模型,利用沈阳经济区内8个城市的面板数据,将经济与环境关系分解为经济规模效应、空间结构效应和技术效应,判定了由于经济增长造成的工业废物排放的增减变化而带来的区域环境压力扰动程度.对于时间作用关系,选择协整与向量误差修正模型(VEC),依次对指标序列进行了单位根检验、VAR估计、Johansen协整检验及向量自回归的VEC修正,进而对沈阳经济区经济与环境指标前期与当期作用关系进行了长期修正与短期校正.结果表明:对于工业废物排放,技术效应发挥了最突出的减量作用,经济效应的增量效应凸显,而空间结构效应的作用不明显;GDP与工业废水排放量、工业废气排放量、工业废物产生量之间的作用关系均经历了由波动到平稳的过程,但在研究期内GDP与工业废水排放之间的稳定性相对较弱,保持GDP与工业废气排放、工业废物产生各自的均衡关系,对各变量的优化有促进作用,而保持GDP与工业废水排放的均衡关系,则对各变量的优化有抑制作用.