环己酮肟液相重排工艺危险性分析

国内己内酰胺生产中环己酮肟液相重排反应主要分为溶剂法和非溶剂法。通过对两种工艺装置中的物料和工艺危险性进行分析,表明两种重排反应工艺危险区别主要在于:溶剂法中正己烷溶剂可能导致燃爆危险,非溶剂法中水泄漏将导致失控反应。为己内酰胺的重排装置的安全稳定运行提出建议。     

超临界二氧化碳回收处理废润滑油的研究

超临界二氧化碳作为一种环境友好型溶剂,具有临界温度低,渗透性和溶解能力强,无杂质残留,不产生二次污染等优点。文章主要介绍了超临界二氧化碳作为降粘剂,结合膜分离技术,用于废润滑油回收处理方面的研究进展。     

Distribution and sources of solvent extractable organic compounds in PM2:5 during 2007 Chinese Spring Festival in Beijing

The solvent extractable organic compounds (SEOC), including n-alkanes, polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons, fatty acids, anddicarboxylic acids in PM2.5 during the 2007 Chinese Spring Festival in Beijing, were measured via gas chromatography-massspectrometry for determining the characteristics and sources of these organic pollutants. The concentrations of total n-alkanes, PAHs,and organic acids before Chinese Spring Festival Eve (1025.5, 95.9, and 543.3 ng/m3, respectively) were higher than those after (536.6,58...     

连续加速溶剂萃取对环境介质中多环芳烃的提取特征

应用连续加速溶剂萃取(ASE)技术以4种不同的溶剂分别对2个土壤、 2个沉积物以及1个页岩样品进行3次抽提.结果表明,第1次得到的多环芳烃(PAHs)组分占据了全部含量的一半以上,甲苯是4种有机溶剂中抽提效率最高的;对于给定样品,连续ASE所得到的PAHs来源指标都相似,表明应用这些指标进行PAHs来源判定的可行性.     

Preparation and characterization of biomimetic adsorbent from poly-3-hydroxybutyrate

Biomimetic adsorbent named as PHBBMA was prepared from lipophilic poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) by a modified double emulsion solvent evaporation method. PHBBMA, characterized by using scanning electron microscope and nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements, is porous spherical particles. The characterization with the thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that PHBBMA preparation was a physical process without chemical reaction. The adsorption of PHBBMA for o-nitrochlorobenzene (o-NCB) was fitted better by Langmuir model than by Freundlich model, while the pseudo second-order model fitting was better than the pseudo first-order model fitting. The maximal adsorption capacity of PHBBMA for o-NCB was 57.83 mg/g at 30°C, although its specific surface area (S BET ) was only 8.45 m 2 /g. PHBBMA is a safe and environmental friendly adsorbent with high adsorption capacity because its component is innocuous and biodegradable PHB produced reusing wastes and contaminants, no byproduct can produced, and its ester and hydrocarbyl groups have strong affinity with organochlorine compounds. The further work will focus on the modification and improvement of PHBBMA in order to increase its S BET and adsorption capacity.     

Photodegradation of new herbicide HW-02 in organic solvents

HW-02 is a new organophosphates herbicide which is discovered and developed in China. The kinetics and mechanism of HW- 02 photodegradation in the organic solvents were studied at 25°C under the irradiation of ultraviolet light. The results showed that photochemical reaction of HW-02 in organic solvents such as n-hexane, methanol, dimethyl benzene and acetone under UV light could be well described by the first kinetic equation, and the photodegradation efficiency decreased with a order of n-hexane methanol xylene acetone. The photodegradation efficiency constant of HW-02 in n-hexane, methanol, xylene and acetone were 4.951 × 10 2 , 3.253 × 10 2 , 2.377 × 10 2 and 1.628 × 10 2 min 1 , and the corresponding half-lives were 13.99, 21.20, 29.15 and 42.56 min, respectively. By separation and identification of photoproducts using GC-MS, it could be concluded that HW-02 was photolyzed through ester cleavage, photo-dechlorination and photoisomerization of the molecule itself.     

紫杉醇原料药中有机溶剂残留量的气相色谱分析

对紫杉醇原料药中多种有机溶剂残留量,用气相色谱法同时进行了测定．提出该药品有机溶剂残留量测定的标准及方法,本法准确、灵敏、简便、快捷,为紫杉醇原料药质量标准的制定提供了实验依据．     

工作场所空气中的甲基丙烯酸溶剂解吸气相色谱测定法

为建立工作场所空气中甲基丙烯酸浓度的检测方法,用硅胶管采集工作场所空气中的甲基丙烯酸,用丙酮解吸后进样,经毛细管色谱柱分离,FID检测器检测,以保留时间定性,峰高或峰面积定量。实验发现,硅胶管采样效率为100%,丙酮解吸效率为9292%,方法的加标回收率为893%-980%。样品在低温下可保存至少7天。甲基丙烯酸在0-80880μg/ml浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数09995,方法的检出限为074μg/ml。采样45L,最低检出浓度为016mg/m3。研究表明,该方法操作简便,采样效率、准确度、精密度、解吸效率及样品稳定性均满足职业卫生标准制定指南要求,适用于工作场所空气中甲基丙烯酸浓度的测定。     

建设用地土壤中11种半挥发性有机物的测定

利用快速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-质谱法对建设用地土壤中11种半挥发性有机物(SVOCS)进行分析,并优化了萃取溶剂、温度和循环次数.经测定,标准曲线的相关系数(R2)>0.990,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.7％ ～14％,加标回收率为65.0％ ～86.4％,方法检出限为0.01～0.06 mg/kg.结果表明,方法的精...     

萃取-吸附法处理二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)废水的实验研究

采用溶剂萃取-活性炭吸附处理某制革厂的高浓度二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)废水(ρ(DMF)为93 4g L),研究了CHCl3对DMF的萃取效果、活性炭对萃余液的动态吸附性能、用溶剂CH2Cl2再生的效果和反复再生后活性炭的吸附性能。结果表明,用CHCl35级逆流萃取后,萃余液ρ(DMF)降到1 33g L,萃取率达98 6%。萃取液拟用精馏分离回收CHCl3和DMF。萃余液经活性炭吸附后COD可降到100mg L以下,达到了国家一级排放标准。饱和活性炭经CH2Cl2洗脱、160℃空气活化再生后,其吸附性能和数量基本不变,可反复使用。