环保疏浚联合土工管袋工艺在重金属污染底泥处理中的应用

利用环保疏浚联合土工管袋脱水减容工艺治理某重金属污染河道底泥,考察了该工艺对底泥重金属污染治理的工程应用效果.该工程实施的内容包括:环保疏浚工程、土工管袋脱水工程、底泥加药系统设计实施及尾水处理工程设计实施.结果 表明:经过上述联合工艺处理后,底泥的污泥比阻可下降至少80％;硫酰胺类共聚物(ES)稳定剂对重金属Cr和H...     

The use of ionic liquids based on choline chloride for metal deposition: A green alternative?

Ionic liquids are studied intensively for different applications. They tend to be denoted as “green solvents”, largely because of their low vapour pressure. In recent years toxicity and biotoxicity of ionic liquids have also been investigated, which proved that not all of these are “green”. In this paper the use of ionic liquids based on choline chloride and ethylene glycol in electrochemistry is discussed in the context of their use as green solvents. Due to their low toxicity and ready biodegradability, these deep eutectic solvents are promising for the electrodeposition of metals. The influence of the use of these liquids as metal deposition baths on the waste water is investigated. Drag-out was found to be the most influencing parameter on the environmental impact of the process, as it is three times higher compared to classical solutions due to the higher viscosity of the ionic liquid. There are no major changes needed in the rinsing configuration of classic electroplating plants, and ion exchange to remove the metal out of the waste water was not hindered by the presence of the ionic liquid. The formation of by-products during the deposition of metals has to be further investigated and evaluated in consideration of the environmental impact.     

"城中村"改造的效益分析

我国城市化进程的快速发展、城乡二元管理体制和土地二元所有制结构导致了"城中村"的形成.为落实科学发展观,促进城市全面、协调发展,必须对"城中村"加强管理,完善基础设施,改善卫生条件,规范土地的使用.通过"城中村"的改造能提高城市土地利用率,改善居住环境、投资环境和生态环境,更好地建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会.     

N—N—二（1—甲基—庚基）乙酰胺萃取苯酚的动力学研究

用恒界面池法研究了Ｎ,Ｎ－二（１－甲基－庚基）乙酰胺（ＤＭＨＡＡ,Ｎ５０３）萃取苯酚的动力学,试验表明,萃取速率随水相苯酚浓度,有机相Ｎ５０３浓度的提高而增加,当水相ｐＨ值≥１０．５时,萃取速度明显下降,萃取反应的表观活化能为１４．３ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ＾－１,萃取过程属扩散控制,水相中萃酚向两相界面的扩散是萃取速度的控制步骤。     

Evaluation of Eremurus spectabilis for production of bio-oils with supercritical solvents

Eremurus spectabilis samples were liquefied in organic solvents (methanol, ethanol and acetone) with (sodium hydroxide and ferric chloride) and without catalyst in a cylindrical reactor at temperatures of 270, 290 and 310 °C under supercritical conditions. The effects of liquefaction parameters such as temperature, catalyst and solvent on product yields were investigated. The liquid products were extracted with diethyl ether and benzene using an extraction procedure. The product yields in supercritical methanol, ethanol and acetone were found to as 41.6%, 53.8% and 64.3% in the non-catalytic runs at 310 °C, respectively. The highest conversion was obtained in supercritical acetone in the presence of ferric chloride (10%) at same temperature in the catalytic runs. The produced liquids in acetone were analyzed and characterized by elemental, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The liquid products (bio-oils) obtained with acetone contained various types of components including aromatics, nitrogenated and oxygenated compounds. As the bio-oils obtained exhibit high heat values, E. spectabilis is presented as a potential feedstock candidate for production of bio-fuels or valuable chemicals.     

Permeability of Organic Solvents Through Two-Layer Safety Gloves Determined by a Gravimetric Method

Organic solvents are harmful to humans, and many of them are recognized as carcinogens. Therefore, it is necessary to protect hands from contact with them. Most methods for testing solvent resistance of gloves use gas chromatography. However, these methods are expensive and so complex that they present application problems for most glove producers and users. A simple gravimetric method to test solvent resistance o f gloves was developed. It was tested by measuring the permeability of organic solvents such as white spirit, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, benzene, p-xylene, and trichloroethylene through gloves made of natural rubber, polyvinyl chloride, neoprene, perbunan, polyvinyl alcohol, and two-layer gloves made of natural rubber and neoprene. This method proved to be a simple, economical, and reliable way to examine glove permeability.     

Transfer of powders into flammable solvents overview of explosion hazards and preventive measures

This paper evaluates and analyses the explosion hazards associated with transfer operations of powders into large containers, hoppers and reactors, which may also contain flammable solvent vapours. The formation and characteristics of explosive atmospheres and the occurrence of process inherent ignition sources, such as static electricity are described. The most commonly applied preventive measures and technical equipment are outlined and discussed including their advantages and disadvantages.     

防腐漆涂装含锌废水中锌粉的回收与利用

从水性环氧富锌涂料工业涂装废水中回收废锌粉,通过加热二甲基亚砜来溶解包覆于废锌粉表面的环氧树脂漆膜,得到回收锌粉,并将其再利用制防腐漆。在沉降时间12 h、热处理温度110 ℃、热处理时间60 min的条件下,废锌粉表面上的环氧树脂被去除,可直接以金属锌粉的形态加以回收利用,回收锌粉达到GB/T 6890—2012《锌粉》中的二级标准。使用后的溶剂经旋转蒸发后可再次使用,对锌粉的回收效果无影响。回收锌粉制备的防腐漆,其防腐蚀性能良好,可比市售锌粉。     

气相色谱法测定氯雷他定原料的残留溶剂

用毛细管柱气相色谱法建立氯雷他定残留溶剂（甲苯、乙腈）的测定方法。结果表明：本测定法方法简单、结果准确、重现性好,可用于氯雷他定原料中甲苯、乙腈2种残留溶剂的同时测定。     

沉积物中双酚类化合物的测定

通过前处理与检测条件的全面优化,建立了一种同时实现环境沉积物中9种痕量双酚类化合物的加速溶剂萃取(ASE)-固相萃取(SPE)-高效液相色谱/三重四极杆质谱(HPLC/MSMS)检测方法。沉积物样品先采用甲醇作为溶剂,在70℃条件下进行加速溶剂萃取,萃取液约100 mL,加入甲酸调节pH约为2.5,再经Oasis型HLB固相萃取柱富集与净化,该过程可将沉积物的基质效应控制在85%～95%之间。9种目标化合物在0.05～25.0μg/L(以双酚AF计)范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r>0.999,检出限为0.01～0.25μg/kg,加标回收率为62%～122%,相对标准偏差为0.9%～12.7%。