Use of the chemical cleavage of mismatch method for prenatal deficiency diagnosis of alpha-1-antitrypsin

The most common mutation in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, conversion of a G to an A at base 9989 (PI-Z), was detected with the chemical cleavage of mismatch method, demonstrating the power of the method for prenatal diagnosis. Exon V of the gene was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction and heteroduplexes were formed to test for the presence of the mutation. The predicted C mismatch was readily detectable with hydroxylamine, and by making the probe from the chorionic villus sample it was possible to determine that the fetus was heterozygous, not homozygous, for the mutation.     

竞争吸附方程的修正和应用

以竞争吸附的一般模式为基础,修正了竞争吸附方程。研究了不同实验条件下修正竞争吸附方程的变化形式,为改进实验设计提供了理论依据。修正竞争吸附方程应用于描述pH对土壤吸附钴的影响,取得了满意的结果。     

The cerebro-hepato-renal (Zellweger) syndrome: Prenatal detection based on impaired biosynthesis of plasmalogens

Prenatal diagnosis of the cerebro-hepato-renal (Zellweger) syndrome has been performed in 10 pregnancies at risk by measuring both the activity of acyl CoA: dihydroxyacetonephosphate acyltransferase (DHAP-AT) and the de novo plasmalogen biosynthesis, either in cultured amniotic fluid cells or in fibroblasts cultured from a chorionic villus biopsy. In 7 of the pregnancies both tests indicated no abnormality. All 7 continued to term and normal infants were delivered. However, in amniotic fluid cells from 2 fetuses affected by Zellweger syndrome unequivocal differences from control values were found. The activity of DHAP-AT was clearly deficient and the de novo plasmalogen biosynthesis was impaired. In one pregnancy at risk prenatal diagnosis was performed during the first trimester by measuring both the DHAP-AT activity and the de novo plasmalogen biosynthesis in fibroblasts cultured from a chorionic villi biopsy. From the deficient DHAP-AT activity and the impaired de novo plasmalogen biosynthesis it was concluded that the fetus was affected. This was confirmed biochemically after induced abortion. It can be concluded that measurement of the DHAP-AT activity and the de novo plasmalogen biosynthesis provides convenient methods for the early prenatal detection of Zellweger syndrome.     

论民国时期河南灾荒的社会成因

民国年间河南灾荒现象异常突出，虽与当时整体气候背景及河南特殊的地理特征相关，但灾荒背后的社会原因更应引起我们的关注。其主要表现为：一、社会经济乏力，百姓抗灾能力低；二、政治腐败，体现在政府的赋税名目繁多、政府官员失职渎职以及挪用、贪污河防公款等几个方面；三、战争与灾荒；四、帝国主义列强对中国的残酷掠夺。     

Human appropriation of net primary production as determinant of avifauna diversity in Austria

The relationship between land-use induced changes in production ecology and avifauna diversity was analysed using a GIS land cover dataset on a 0.25 km × 0.25 km grid covering Austria's national territory. Considering only aboveground processes, the “human appropriation of net primary production” (HANPP = potential NPP − NPP_t), actual NPP (NPP_act), harvest (NPP_h) and NPP_t (= NPP_act − harvest) were recalculated based on existing datasets. Elevation as well as indicators of land cover heterogeneity and landscape heterogeneity were also considered. Correlation analyses were performed between these potential determinants of avifauna diversity and breeding bird species richness data as well as the percentage of endangered breeding birds included in the Austrian red list. Four spatial scales—0.25 km × 0.25 km, 1 km × 1 km, 4 km × 4 km and 16 × 16 km, were analysed. It was shown that breeding bird species richness was more strongly correlated with production ecological indicators and elevation than with heterogeneity indicators. A residual analysis in which the effect of elevation (a proxy for climate) on species richness and its potential determinants was removed confirmed the importance of the availability of trophic energy (NPP) for bird diversity patterns. The results support the species-energy hypothesis, thus confirming the notion that HANPP could be a useful pressure indicator for biodiversity loss.     

摩托车后挡泥板冲孔模

分析了摩托车后挡泥板的冲孔工艺,着重介绍了摩托车后挡泥板冲孔模的结构。该模具布局合理,结构紧凑,提高了生产效率,降低了生产成本,从而降低了摩托车的造价,提高了摩托车的市场竞争力。     

小边距冲孔模的凹模设计

在五金、家电、办公用品等行业中,常存在一些零件需要先弯曲成形,再进行冲孔。由于结构设计要求,有些孔到弯曲边的距离尺寸较小,尺寸精度要求较高,因此在这类模具设计中,凹模的强度问题较为突出。从结构设计和工艺设计两方面给出了设计这种模具的一些心得体会。     

高等职业教育教学管理基本特征初探

教学管理和教学过程一样,也是一个复杂的过程。不同的社会背景、不同的教育类型和不同的教育层次,教育管理的目标、方法、手段等是有区别的。本文是作者在多年高职高专教育教学管理实践的基础上,形成的关于高职高专教育教学管理基本特征的一些初步认识,发表于此,以期得到同行们的指正。     

虎克定律在高精度翻孔模设计中的应用与实践

以汽车摇摆臂为应用对象 ,通过对材料在翻孔过程中变形的理论分析和实际运用 ,探讨了虎克定律在高精度翻孔模设计中的应用与实践     

典型黄土塬区不同植物措施水土保持效应分析

基于黄土高原典型黄土塬区2014-2016年的自然降雨数据及5种植被措施（乔木、灌木、撂荒、人工种草、耕地）下的坡面产流、产沙情况的观测数据,系统分析了不同植被覆盖措施下的黄土坡地水土流失对不同类型侵蚀性降雨的响应机制,结果表明：（1）降水集中于4-10月份,其中引发水土流失的侵蚀性降雨集中于7月、8月。（2）根据最大30分钟降雨强度I₃₀及降雨总量可将侵蚀性降雨分为5种类型,其中小雨量、小雨强类型的降雨是当地发生频率最多的侵蚀性降雨类型;降雨强度最大的Ⅴ雨型降雨侵蚀力最大,降雨量最大的Ⅰ雨型降雨侵蚀力次之,而Ⅱ雨型降雨侵蚀力最低;Ⅴ雨型在观测期内产流产沙量最大。（3）5种植被措施在不同降雨类型下均有明显的水土保持效应,在不同类型降雨下不同植物措施减沙率和减流率变化规律不同。研究结果对于黄土高原地区水土保持及资源可持续利用具有重要的指导意义。