流域水质目标管理技术研究：Ⅴ.水污染防治的环境经济政策

环境经济政策是流域水质目标管理技术的重要组成部分. 通过分析国内外的环境经济政策以及主要经济手段的实施现状与特点,指出我国环境经济政策的不足与问题. 以流域控制单元为对象,提出水污染防治的环境经济政策的基本内涵和特点,以“分区、分类、分级、分期”为基本理念,研究了适合我国流域水质目标管理的环境经济政策框架与构建思路,并对环境财政、环境投融资、市场化、排污收费与污染税、生态补偿与污染赔偿等具体手段进行了阐述,提出环境经济政策的综合实施机制以及相关的政策保障.     

Linking supply chain strength to sustainable development: a country-level analysis

Several global corporations have been severely criticized by different lobbying groups for the impact of their operations on the natural environment and on the local communities. Because corporate operations cannot be studied in isolation but rather as a part of a large network often referred to as a supply chain, this paper investigates the potential link between supply chain characteristics and sustainable development at the country level. In particular, the linkage between supply chain strength, generally defined as the number and quality of the suppliers and customers in a country, and the three dimensions of sustainable development namely environmental performance, corporate environmental practices, and social sustainability is assessed. Using archival data from The Global Competitiveness Report (2004–2005) and the 2005 Environmental Sustainability Index, a statistical assessment of the linkage was conducted. The results indicate that supply chain strength is positively linked to all three dimensions of sustainable development.     

炼油厂设备检修期间污水处理装置运行探讨

针对炼油厂大检修期间污水处理装置正常运行的主要经验进行总结,可为同类装置设备提供参考。     

Influence of environmental temperature and relative humidity on photocatalytic oxidation of toluene on activated carbon fibers coated TiO2

TiO₂ supported on active carbon fiber (TiO₂/ACF), an absorbable photocatalyst, is a new kind of material applied in air purification. In this paper, the influence of environmental temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) on the gas-solid adsorption of toluene and the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) efficiency of adsorbed toluene on TiO₂/ACF were studied, and then, the purification capability of TiO₂/ACF was estimated. PCO results showed that although the PCO efficiency increased under high RH and T levels, the amount of adsorption of toluene decreased. Moreover, quantitative analysis results of intermediates indicated that more environmental risk emerged when PCO of toluene was carried out at higher environmental T and RH levels because more toxic intermediates would be accumulated on the TiO₂/ACF. So, it is significant to control the environmental T and RH conditions in the application of the PCO technique. T = 25°C and RH530% is the optimal condition for purifying toluene in our experimental system. __________ Translated from Urban Environment & Urban Ecology, 2007, 20(5): 10–13 [译自: 城市环境与城市生态]     

高效絮凝菌的培养条件优化

从呼和浩特市污水处理厂筛选分离了1株高效絮凝剂产生菌YS2,通过培养条件优化试验确定了该菌株产絮凝剂的最佳培养条件:碳源为蔗糖、氮源为脲、N/C为2.5∶1、初始pH值为6.0、培养温度为30℃。絮凝试验表明:该菌株产生的生物絮凝剂对高岭土悬浊液有良好的絮凝效果,絮凝率达到95%。絮凝活性分布试验表明其絮凝活性全部存在于离心沉降物中,而上清液没有絮凝活性。16S rDNA测序鉴定其为克雷伯氏菌G。     

科学在环境影响评价中的作用

环境影响评价(EIA)既是一门技术又是一项制度。科学对环境影响评价的作用同样主要表现在技术和制度两方面:相应的技术规范及替代解决方案使其成为应用科学,而公众参与与制度保证使其成为公民科学。其制度特性较技术性更为基础,更为重要,科学在其中的作用需要更加重视。     

从摩尔的理论看环境伦理学的自然价值观

摩尔在伦理学原理一书中,首次分析了传统伦理学关于善的那种性质。指出善并不是一种自然之属性。而是一种非自然的属性。在严格的意义上说,善是不可定义的。并认为传统伦理学是犯了一种自然主义的谬误。摩尔的理论也波及到环境伦理学,特别是罗尔斯顿的自然价值理论受到了挑战。罗尔斯顿对自然主义的批评作出了回应。他把伦理义务的条件置于科学规律之前,并站在自然主义的立场上,指出自然界的生态平衡才是一切价值的基础。     

触摸屏查询系统在环保工作中的设计与实现

本文以制作赤峰市环保触摸屏查询系统为例,介绍了一种使用Authorware7.0作为开发工具来设计查询界面的方法,使之实现了在环保工作中应用的功能。     

环境风险全过程评估与管理模式研究及应用

基于环境风险“全过程管理”与“优先管理”的理念,提出了环境风险全过程评估与管理的概念框架和理论体系,涵盖了风险源识别、受体易损性评估、环境风险表征、风险应急控制决策以及风险事故损失后评估等关键步骤.并以某化工园区企业为例,以硝基苯储罐塌陷为初始事件,采用蝴蝶结方法进行风险源识别,得到硝基苯储罐泄漏事件蝴蝶结,通过GIS空间分析方法揭示居民对地表水水源污染易损性的空间分异,分析结果不仅为事故安全防范与应急控制提供关键节点,而且有助于在日常风险管理中增强受体抗风险能力.     

水环境容量租金分配新模式及理论基础研究

为解决中国水环境容量日益稀缺情况下使用权的合理分配问题,在分析了目前现有水环境容量分配模式普遍存在的严重弊端和缺陷,基于产权理论、价值理论和地租理论等,提出了水环境容量分配新模式-租金分配模式,并考虑到各种复杂的影响因素和中国的实际情况,提出了间接确定水环境容量使用租金的综合计算公式。