用主成分分析法研究评价地下水质量——以邯郸市为例

运用主成分分析法(PCA)对邯郸市地下水主要污染指标年均值进行了探索性评价研究。分析结果表明,前5个主成分综合携带了全部信息的91.374%。通过对这5个新的综合指标进行分析,确定了地下水的主要污染物,同时根据其综合得分对地下水进行分级,分析了其变化趋势,为地下水资源的有效利用和保护提供了科学依据。     

烟气脱硫工艺的选择

论述了现今国内外烟气脱硫的现状及烟气脱硫工艺的分类，国内外较为先进的烟气脱硫工艺的机理及特点，且对不同的脱硫技术的优缺点进行了全面的比较，对需要进行脱硫的装置现状了科学地分析，并最终提出选择合理的脱硫工艺的方法及注意的问题。     

浅谈“三道防线”对防止污染水域的作用

在简要介绍了上海港散装液体危险装货物储运作业发展的基础上，分析了码头装卸作用中存在的防污染问题，提出了“三道防线”是防止污染的有效措施。     

甲藻赤潮的海洋环境危害及其防治

有毒赤潮的“肇事者”通常是甲藻，它造成了巨大的环境危害，已成为全球性的环境问题，甲藻赤潮的毒害主要是人食用含有毒素的贝类或鱼类后引起中毒甚至死亡。本文就甲藻赤潮及其毒素所造成的环境公害进行了简明扼要的回顾，并对甲藻赤潮的预防与治理的国内外研究现状，尤其是对甲藻赤潮预防与治理中所采用的新技术、新方法作了比较的论述和分析。并对我国甲藻赤潮的研究方向与前景作了展望。     

公路交通噪声的污染控制

从多角度提出了治理公路交通噪声污染的控制对策，指出只有综合治理才能最大限度地控制交通噪声污染。     

景观及视觉影响评价初探

介绍了国内外开展景观与视觉影响评价的情况和意义 ,提出了景观与视觉影响评价的基本概念、步骤、内容和方法 ,介绍了一种较为简便、实用的用于景观与视觉影响评价的定量方法。提出了进行这项工作的难点问题及设想建议。     

公路环境评价发展现状及对策初探

“八五”、“九五”期间，中国公路建设事业得到了迅速的发展，与此同时公路建设项目的环境影响评价也得到了相应的发展，初步形成了一套较为完善的环境评价体系，但同时也存在着法规，技术、规范体系比较落后，评价仅局限在环境影响评价层次，人员素质不高等问题，因此需从完善公路环境评价体系，完善公路环境法规及技术规范体系，积极探索新技术与新方法，加强佬培训等方面进一步完善公路环境评价。     

Chinese life cycle impact assessment factors

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＬｉｆｅｃｙｃｌｅａｓｓｅｓｓｍｅｎｔ(ＬＣＡ)ｉｓａｎｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔｔｏｏｌｔｈａｔｉｓｕｓｅｄｔｏｅｘａｍｉｎｅａｎｄｅｖａｌｕａｔｅｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｉｍｐａｃｔｓａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｅｘｉｓｔｅｎｃｅｏｆｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓ(Ｊｅｎｓｅｎ,1998;Ｗｅｉｄｅｍａ,1997;Ｗｅｎｚｅｌ,1997).ＴｈｅｆｏｃｕｓｏｆＬＣＡｉｓｏｎｔｈｅｅｎｔｉｒｅｌｉｆｅｃｙｃｌｅｏｆｔｈｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔ,ｉ.ｅ.ｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉ…     

Pollution survey of carbonyl compounds in train air

The train is an important vehicle in China, but its air quality has important impacts on passengers’ health. In this work, pollution from carbonyl compounds was measured in the air of six trains. The objectives of this work were to investigate carbonyl compound levels in selected air from trains, identify their emission sources, and assess the intake of carbonyl compounds for passengers. The methods for sampling and analyzing 10 carbonyl compounds such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, acetone, propionaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, butyraldehyde, benzaldehyde, cyclohexanone, and valeraldehyde in indoor air were proposed with the sampling efficiency, recovery, and detection limit being 92%–100%, 91%–104%, and 0.26–0.82 ng/m³, respectively. It was indicated that the total concentrations of carbonyl compounds were 0.159–0.2828 mg/m³ with the average concentration of 0.2330 mg/m³. The average concentrations of form aldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were 0.0922, 0.0499, and 0.0580 mg/m³, accounting for 42.6%, 21.4%, and 24.9% of the total concentrations of carbonyl compounds, respectively. The carbonyl compounds probably came from woodwork and cigarette smoking. The intake of carbonyl compounds for the passengers was approximately 0.043–0.076 mg/h. The carbonyl compounds in train air could be harmful to human health. Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(1) 91–94 [译自: 环境科学]     

Transboundary air pollution balance in the new integrated European environment

Ten out of the 12 new EU members, used to belong to the so-called “former eastern block”, with a post WWII environmental policy radically different from the tendencies followed in Western Europe. The lack of conservation regulations has resulted in a rather harmful industrialization, regarding natural resources and environmental quality. While air pollution transfer is a phenomenon of transboundary level, there is a particular interest in examining the contribution of the new EU member states to the environmental pressure faced by the older member states and vice versa. The current study utilises the official data for almost 20 years published by the European Monitoring and Evaluation Program concerning the transboundary transfer of NO_x and SO₂ in order to analyse the situation and discuss the present and future environmental policy regarding air pollution.