纤维素酶产生菌的选育及发酵条件优化

通过紫外线和化学诱变方法对一株纤维素酶产生菌--绿色木霉他进行了菌株选育,提高了产酶能力,变异株T211的CMCase和FPA分别达到19.17 IU/mL和1.94 IU/mL.进一步对其发酵条件进行研究,优化了培养基和培养条件.优化的培养基为:微晶纤维素10 g/L,麸皮10 g/L,蛋白胨0.4 g/L,尿素0.4 g/L,硫酸铵2.0 g/L,吐温-80 2.0 mL/L,其他同Mandel's营养盐液;培养条件包括温度、摇瓶装量、转速和接种量分别为:27～28℃、50 mL/250 mL、180 r/min和4%～6%.在上述条件下,CMCase达到25 IU/mL,FPA达到2.5 IU/mL.     

Impacts of climate warming on reindeer herding require new land-use strategies

Climate in the Arctic has warmed at a more rapid pace than the global average over the past few decades leading to weather, snow, and ice situations previously unencountered. Reindeer herding is one of the primary livelihoods for Indigenous peoples throughout the Arctic. To understand how the new climate state forces societal adaptation, including new management strategies and needs for preserved, interconnected, undisturbed grazing areas, we coupled changes in temperature, precipitation, and snow depth recorded by automatic weather stations to herder observations of reindeer behaviour in grazing areas of the Laevas Sámi reindeer herding community, northern Sweden. Results show that weather and snow conditions strongly determine grazing opportunities and therefore reindeer response. We conclude that together with the cumulative effects of increased pressures from alternative land use activities, the non-predictable environmental conditions that are uniquely part of the warming climate seriously challenge future reindeer herding in northern Sweden.     

基于铁阳极的生物阴极自养反硝化效能影响因素探究

利用微生物燃料电池(Microbial fuel cell,MFC)装置耦合零价铁脱氮和生物阴极,研发基于铁阳极的新型生物脱氮技术,可有效避免脱氮过程中外源有机物的添加,降低污水处理成本,减少二次污染.本文以MFC装置为平台,零价铁为阳极,附着生物膜的碳刷为阴极,组成零价铁自养反硝化装置.在控制变量的条件下,采用单因素试验法探究不同起始pH(5～9)、不同外接电阻(50～2000Ω)、不同阴极电导率(0～232g·L^-1)和不同起始基质浓度(42～800 mg·L^-1)对零价铁自养反硝化效能和MFC产电性能的影响.结果表明,以脱氮作为首要目标,产电作为次要目标时,零价铁生物自养反硝化体系最佳起始pH为7,最佳起始硝氮浓度为200 mg·L^-1,最佳阴极电导率为添加116 g·L^-1,最佳外接电阻为1000Ω.对自养反硝化效能影响因素的探究将有助于优化反应条件,探明碳阴极生物脱氮过程的主要干扰因素,提升生物自养反硝化技术效能.     

Multi-metric evaluation of the models WARM,CropSyst, and WOFOST for rice

WARM (Water Accounting Rice Model) simulates paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.), based on temperature-driven development and radiation-driven crop growth. It also simulates: biomass partitioning, floodwater effect on temperature, spikelet sterility, floodwater and chemicals management, and soil hydrology. Biomass estimates from WARM were evaluated and compared with the ones from two generic crop models (CropSyst, WOFOST). The test-area was the Po Valley (Italy). Data collected at six sites from 1989 to 2004 from rice crops grown under flooded and non-limiting conditions were split into a calibration (to estimate some model parameters) and a validation set. For model evaluation, a fuzzy-logic based multiple-metrics indicator (MQI) was used: 0 (best) ≤ MQI ≤ 1 (worst). WARM estimates compared well with the actual data (mean MQI = 0.037 against 0.167 and 0.173 with CropSyst and WOFOST, respectively). On an average, the three models performed similarly for individual validation metrics such as modelling efficiency (EF > 0.90) and correlation coefficient (R > 0.98). WARM performed best in a weighed measure of the Akaike Information Criterion: (worst) 0<wk<1$0<w_k<1$ (best), considering estimation accuracy and number of parameters required to achieve it (mean wk=0.983$w_k=0.983$ against 0.007 and ∼0.000 with CropSyst and WOFOST, respectively). WARM results were sensitive to 30% of the model parameters (ratio being lower with both CropSyst, <10%, and WOFOST, <20%), but appeared the easiest model to use because of the lowest number of crop parameters required (10 against 15 and 34 with CropSyst and WOFOST, respectively). This study provides a concrete example of the possibilities offered using a range of assessment metrics to evaluate model estimates, predictive capabilities, and complexity.     

絮凝剂产生菌的筛选及其培养条件优化

从活性污泥中筛选到１３株产絮凝剂的菌株,经复筛得到１株具有较高絮凝活性的菌,初步鉴定为假单胞菌ＰｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｓｐＧＸ４－１。该菌产絮凝剂的适宜培养基及培养条件如下:葡萄糖２％,酵母膏０.４％,ＫＨ２ＰＯ４０.４％,ｐＨ７．０～９．０,３０℃,２００ｒ／ｍｉｎ,摇床培养２～３ｄ。产生具有高絮凝活性的絮凝剂,对高岭土悬液的絮凝率最高可达９２.７％      

南极微球菌产低温淀粉酶条件优化及酶学性质初步研究

采用单因素试验对南极微球菌(Micrococcus antarcticus)产低温淀粉酶的条件进行了初步优化,其发酵培养基组成为(g/L):Na2HPO42.0,KH2PO41.0,MgSO4.7H2O 0.1,NaCl 5.0,(NH4)2SO42.5,麦芽糖5.0,微量元素溶液5.0 mL,pH 8.0,500 mL三角瓶装液100 mL,12℃,160 r/min振荡培养64 h,在此条件下,发酵液酶活由优化前的0.24 U/mL提高到2.6 U/mL,是优化前的10.8倍.发酵液经Millipore超滤膜包浓缩、Hitrap Q阴离子交换层析、Superdex 200凝胶过滤层析纯化获得纯淀粉酶.该淀粉酶的最适作用温度为30℃,在10~15℃下仍具有较高活性,但对热敏感,属典型的低温酶;最适作用pH为6.0,在pH 6.0~10.0范围内较稳定(>70%);Ca2+、Mn2+、Co2+、Mg2+对该酶有较为明显的激活作用,而Zn2+、Ba2+、Ag+、Cu2+、Al3+、Fe2+、Fe3+、Hg2+、螯合剂EDTA、citrate则对该酶有不同程度的抑制作用,并且在Tween系列及TrintonX-1...     

非离子型表面活性剂AE对稀脉浮萍的损伤作用

以过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）相对活性、植物生长量和培养液pH值变化作为观测指标,研究了非离子型表面活性剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚（AE）对稀脉浮萍（Lemna paucicostata L.）的损伤作用,结果显示：稀脉浮萍的损伤程序与AE浓度直接相关,浓度小于1.0mg/L时,AE对稀脉浮萍的损伤较轻,λ（CAT）、λ（POD）的增加,能清除膜上的过氧化物,在10.0mg/L时,稀脉浮萍的生理功能受到中等程序的伤。CAT、POD相对活性升高,生长率下降,光合作用受到一定程度的抑制,培养液pH值下降0.2左右;AE为100.0mg/L时,植物受伤严重,CAT、POD相对活性下降,培养液pH值降低幅度为0.6左右,植物大部分死亡。     

活性污泥硝化过程的动态响应信号

把pH值在线监测与药品自动投加系统与已开发的混合呼吸测量仪集成,组成自动呼吸-滴定测量仪,同时测得废水生物处理过程溶解氧（DO）、pH、氧气利用速率（OUR）和质子变化速率（HVR）。分别监测了只投加NH4＋-N底物的活性污泥硝化过程和实验室脱氮除碳SBR曝气阶段的DO/pH响应,结果显示,两信号呈一定规律变化,在反应...     

自由氯、一氯胺和二氧化氯对饮用水中粪肠球菌的消毒动力学研究

以粪肠球菌为研究对象,研究了自由氯、一氯胺和二氧化氯在不同pH值和温度下的消毒效果,并将灭活速率常数表示为pH和温度的函数,对Chick—Watson模型进行了修正。结果表明,随着pH的上升,自由氯和一氯胺的灭活率减小,二氧化氯的灭活率则增大。温度对一氯胺的影响较小,对自由氯和二氧化氯的影响较显著。修正后含有pH和温度两参数的消毒动力学模型可以很好地模拟消毒过程,增强了模型的通用性。     

采油厂联合站生产作业条件危险性评价

生产作业条件危险性评价法是对生产作业单元进行的危险性评价,其评价结果可以比较直观地反映出生产作业各岗位的危险程度,为企业安全管理提供指导.在对采油厂联合站各岗位深入调查的基础上,分析和评价了该站11个岗位的作业条件危险性,进行了危险度分级,确定了重大危险岗位.