一株产生物絮凝剂菌的培养条件优化

研究了一株名为EB-8的产碱假单胞菌的最佳培养条件。通过实验得出,葡萄糖为良好的碳源,酵母膏+硫酸氨为良好的氮源,初始pH为6~9,摇床转速为160r/min,培养最适温度为30℃,无机盐为K2HPO4或KH2PO4,培养时间为48~56h,培养基的量为40mL。     

Effect of substrate COD/N ratio on performance and microbial community structure of a membrane aerated biofilm reactor

Two parallel carbon-membrane aerated biofilm reactors were operated at well-defined conditions to investigate the e ect of substrate COD/N ratios on the performance and microbial community structure of the bioreactor. Results showed that at substrate COD/N of 5, organic and nitrogen could be eliminated simultaneously, and COD removal degree, nitrification and denitrification e ciency reached 85%, 93% and 92%, respectively. With increasing substrate COD/N ratios, the specific oxygen utilization rates of nitrifying bacteria in biofilm were found to decrease, indicating that nitrifying population became less dominant. At substrate COD/N ratio of 6, excessive heterotrophs inhibited the activity of nitrifying bacteria greatly and thus led to poor nitrification process. With the help of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira were identified as dominant ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the biofilm at substrate COD/N of 0, whereas only Nitrosospira were detected in the biofilm at COD/N ratio of 5. Nitrospira were present as dominant nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in our study. Confocal laser scanning microscopy images revealed that at substrate COD/N ratio of 0 nitrifying bacteria existed throughout the biofilm and that at COD/N ratio of 5 they were mainly distributed in the inner layer of biofilm.     

渗滤液性质对含水层中污染物衰减的影响研究

通过土柱模拟实验研究了渗滤液性质对含水层中污染物衰减和微生物活动的影响.结果表明,新垃圾渗滤液、老垃圾渗滤液和雨水通过模拟柱后,其微生物活性分别在第12、17和3d达到最大值0.154、0.121和0.044;BOD5/COD分别在第12、8和6d达到最大值0.683、0.396和0.319;pH的平均升高速度分别为0.074/d、0.15/d和0.055/d;新、老垃圾渗滤液通过模拟柱后COD的平均去除率分别约为50%和10%;含水层介质对NH4+-N的吸附容量约为0.85 g/kg;另外,含水层介质有机质含量与微生物活性之间具有一定的相关性.由此可见,渗滤液的性质对含水层介质中污染物的衰减有重要影响.     

负载型纳米Bi2WO6/AC的制备及在可见光下降解邻硝基苯酚

采用水热法在160℃条件下以活性炭(AC)为载体合成了光催化剂Bi2WO6/AC,用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、电子扫描电镜(SEM)对催化剂进行了表征.同时,以邻硝基苯酚为目标污染物,在可见光照射下,讨论了催化剂用量、溶液的pH、污染物初始浓度等因素对催化剂光催化活性的影响.结果表明,当[Bi2WO6/AC]=5 g·L-1、pH=5[邻硝基苯酚]0=100 mg·L-1时,催化剂可见光降解活性最好,60 min后邻硝基苯酚的降解率可达到99.81%.     

陕西省安康市洪山镇地质特征及其对向家滑坡的控制作用

向家滑坡形成于南秦岭北大巴山构造带紫阳-平利滑脱逆冲推覆带。该滑坡位于局部南东倾向韧性剪切带之中。韧性剪切带以压扭性和张扭性为特征,经历了多期(次)活动,形成了二长岩脉和多期(次)石英脉的生成,韧性剪切带后期转化为脆性断层。因此,洪山镇向家滑坡的发生、发展与韧性剪切带和寒武系多期变形密切相关,高剪切应变带主要表现为岩石发生了强烈塑性变形,形成塑性流动构造;岩脉侵位,致使局部构造应力场中主应力方位σ1近于垂直,加上绢云母石英片糜岩中片理构造非常发育,绢云母和石英两类岩石力学性质差别很大的矿物均沿片理面集中分布,在雨水侵蚀过程中极易产生滑动而生成滑坡。     

重组基因酵母法研究酞酸酯类化合物的类雌激素作用

为了检测五种酞酸酯类化合物的类雌激素活性,采用重组人雌激受体α、相关效应元件以及β-半乳糖苷酶报告基因酵母分别测定17β-雌二醇(E)2、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)、邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯(BBP)单独作用时诱导酶活并计算其EC50。通过各化合物与E2的EC50的比以及最大β-半乳糖苷酶活性来比较酞酸酯类化合物的类雌激素活性。五种酞酸酯类化合物的实验浓度范围为1.0×10-3~1.0×10-11 mol/L。结果表明,DEP(1×10-7~1×10-9 mol/L)、DBP(1×10-6~1×10-9 mol/L)、BBP(1×10-3~1×10-6 mol/L)具有明显的类雌激素活性,诱导的最大酶活分别为:1.515、0.832 2、1.669,而DMP和DOP并未检出明显的类雌激素活性。DEP、DBP、BBP与E2的EC50的比分别为8.85×10-2、2.54×10-2、8.82×10-6。说明DEP、DBP在低浓度就表现出类雌激素活性,而BBP在较高浓度才表现出类雌激素活性。     

Arthrobacter echigonensis介导生物氧化锰形成的机制及生物氧化锰的成分

对1株分离自锰矿矿石具有高效氧化锰活性的节杆菌(Arthrobacter echigonensis)MN1405氧化锰机制进行研究.结果表明,A.echigonensisMN1405在其生长过程中产生锰氧化活性因子和碱性物质,活性因子在细胞内合成,并分泌至菌体表面和胞外培养液中.MN1405对Mn<'2+>的氧化作用是...     

不同组分鼠李糖脂的胶束性质及其对三氯生的增溶作用

测定了铜绿假单胞杆菌诱变株MIG-N146产鼠李糖脂粗提物（RL-CE）及经柱层析分离纯化得到的单糖脂（RL-F1）和双糖脂（RL-F2）的表面性能及胶束性质,并通过溶解平衡实验考察了这3种组分对极性疏水物质三氯生的增溶作用.结果表明,RL-CE、RL-F1、RL-F2的临界胶束浓度CMC值分别为60.31、43.82...     

Assessment of antimicrobial activity of Catechu and its dyed substrate

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of catechu in solution and % microbial reduction of dyed wool samples against Escherichia coli MTCC 443, Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 902, Candida albicans ATCC 10261 and Candida tropicalis ATCC 750, by using micro-broth dilution method, disc diffusion assay and growth curve studies. The dye showed the maximum antimicrobial activity at 20% w/v, inhibiting the microbial growth by more than 90%. In the next set of the experiments the antimicrobial activity of the dye was compared on woollen yarn alone and on pre-mordanted samples. The reduction in antimicrobial activity was observed when mordanted samples were examined. K/S, CIELab values and fastness properties of the dyed samples were assessed. The structural morphology of woollen yarn was also evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Haemolytic activity on human erythrocytes was studied to exclude possibility of further associated cytotoxicity. The observed antimicrobial characteristics and negligible cytoxicity of catechu indicate that the dye might be a promising antimicrobial agent for developing bioactive textile materials and clothing.     

Enhanced bioremediation of oil contaminated soil by graded modified Fenton oxidation

The fraction of oil (C₁₀-C₄₀) became more biodegradable after graded modified Fenton’s oxidation, therefore, it can be considered a mild pre-treatment method to obtain more effective bioremediation for oil contaminated soil.