Oxidation inhibition of sulfite in dual alkali FGD system

A laboratory-scale well-mixed thermostatic reactor with continuously blasting air was used to investigate the oxidation inhibition of sulfite in dual alkali flue gas desulfurization （FGD） system. The effects of operating parameters such as pH value and catalyst concentration on the oxidation were studied. Sodium thiosulfate was used in the system, and was found that it significantly inhabited the sulfite oxidation. In the absence of catalyst, sodium thiosulfate at 12.67 mmol/L had an inhibition efficiency of approximately 98%. While in the presence of catalyst, sodium thiosulfate at 26.72 mmol/L had an inhibition efficiency less than 85.0%. The oxidation reaction order of sulfite in the sodium thiosulfate was determined to be -1.90 and 4）.55 in the absence and presence of the catalyst, respectively. Apparent activation energy of oxidation inhibition was calculated to be 53.9 kJ/mol. Pilot tests showed that the consumption rate of thiosulfate agreed well with the laboratory-scale experimental results.     

苯酚对生物硝化过程的抑制

硝化细菌由于其特殊的生理生态特性,容易受环境因素和共存有毒有害物质的影响,使硝化过程不稳定,脱氮效率降低.采用批式试验,研究了苯酚对生物硝化过程的抑制效应.结果表明,苯酚对硝化有抑制作用,该抑制属非竞争性抑制,是可逆的.苯酚与2,4-二氯酚共存时产生叠加抑制效应.且抑制剂存在时,温度对硝化速率影响更大.因此含酚废水生物脱氮处理时需引起注意.     

硫酸铵和尿素对废物焚烧过程中多种途径生成氯苯类的抑制作用

氯苯类(CBz)是废弃物焚烧等过程中产生二英的前驱物,也被认为是实现二英在线检测的良好指示物,同时五氯苯(PeCBz)和六氯苯(HxCBz)也是持久性有机污染物(POPs).但氯苯在废物焚烧过程中的排放和控制尚没有受到足够重视,为此开展了模拟焚烧过程中硫酸铵和尿素对3种氯苯合成途径的抑制作用研究,包括飞灰合成,1,2-二氯代苯(1,2-DiCBz)转化高氯代苯等过程.结果表明,硫酸铵和尿素对氯苯的3种合成途径均有抑制作用,如1%尿素与废物混合焚烧对四氯苯、五氯苯和六氯苯的抑制效率分别达到了66.8%、57.4%和50.4%.比较硫酸铵和尿素对3种过程的抑制作用,认为尿素对氯苯具有更稳定的抑制能力.     

低光照度对源水中铜绿微囊藻增殖的抑制作用

研究了不同光照度条件下铜绿微囊藻在源水中的增殖趋势.结果表明,以灭活源水为培养基,培养周期13d,在23℃时,当光照度≤500lx,铜绿微囊藻生长受到明显的抑制,其比增值速率(μ)为负数,呈衰亡趋势;在28℃时,当光照度≤200lx,最大藻现存量较4300lx时削减70%以上.以未灭活源水为培养基,23℃时,发现铜绿微囊藻逐渐消亡,这与微型浮游动物的大量出现有关.     

基于藻类荧光的毒性测试研究进展

毒性测试以微藻细胞为生物敏感元件,以叶绿素荧光变化为响应指标,在监测水体重金属和农药污染方面,具有检出限低、重复性好等优点。然而,实际水环境中藻类生长受众多因素的影响,此法仅能反应各种污染因子的综合毒性。近几年,众多学者致力于提高微藻生物监测的特异性以确定污染物种类,改善微藻固定技术以适应原位监测。文章介绍了基于微藻荧光的毒性测试研究进展,展望了未来的发展趋势。。     

Microbial biodegradation of microcystin-RR by bacterium Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05

A strain,USTB-05,isolated from Lake Dianchi,China,degraded the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin-RR(MC-RR) at the rate of 16.7 mg/L per day.Analysis of 16S rDNA sequence showed that the strain was Sphingopyxis sp.Enzymatic degradation pathways for MC-RR by Sphingopyxis sp.USTB-05 were identified.Adda-Arg peptide bond of MC-RR was cleaved and then a hydrogen and a hydroxyl were combined onto the NH 2 group of Adda and the carboxyl group of arginine to form a linear molecule as intermediate product within the ...     

一硫代磷酸酯杀虫剂的酶促降解

从降解菌ＹＦ１１中提取了降解权衡利弊并测定了该降解酶对对硫磷,甲基对硫磷和杀螟松的降解特性。对硫磷和甲基对硫磷酶促降解的最适ｐＨ均为８．０,杀螟松的最适ｐＨ为８．５,最适温度为３２．５℃,该降解酶对对硫磷,甲基对硫磷和杀螟松的米氏常数分别为１８７．２,２０５．５和２１２．４ｍｍｏｌ／ｍｌ。     

镉铅对小麦醇脱氢酶(ADH)基因表达影响的初步研究

经过镉，铅４５ｈ污染处理，运用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｉｎ斑点杂分析和酶活性测定的方法探测萌发期小麦ＡＤＨ酶基因的表达情况。实验结果表明，ＡＤＨ基因表达在ＲＮＡ和酶活性两个层次均有变化，并且呈现相似的变化趋势，反映得金属的影响是来源于基因转录水平。     

晚期渗滤液脱氮过程中的抑制现象及其消除

对于垃圾填埋过程中高氨氮浓度、低C/N的晚期渗滤液,反硝化碳源不足会造成A/O脱氮系统的亚硝酸积累,导致对氨氧化和亚硝酸氧化过程的抑制作用.A,²/O流程中的厌氧处理对难降解有机物的水解酸化作用可为后续反硝化提供易降解有机碳源,可消除亚硝酸盐的积累及其对硝化过程的抑制.试验表明,厌氧处理可使氨氧化速率和反硝化速率提高约1倍和1.3倍,分别达0.123mgN/(mgMLSSd)和0.0675mgN/(mgMLSSd),TN去除率由8%提高到15%.使浓度高达1000mg/L的氨氮,在0.138mgN/(mgMLSSd)的进水负荷下较为彻底地氧化为安全的硝酸盐.     

过氧化氢酶活性及活性抑制的紫外分光光度测定

在体内实验条件下，测定了鲤鱼肝脏过氧化氢酶的活性。实验结果表明，过氧化氢酶的紫外分光光度法是可靠的，活性抑制结果表明，对－二硝基苯对鲤鱼肝脏过氧化氢酶无有明显的抑制作用。鲤鱼肝脏过氧化氢酶可作为一项指标用于生态毒理学研究。